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Summary of the validation steps performed using waveguide-assisted SERS detection. V1 used the waveguide device and the colloidal NPs to detect the SERS signal from the Raman reporters in solution. V2 used the waveguide device to detect the signal from the free-floating aptamer-conjugated RR-NP in solution. V3 utilized the immobilized primary aptamer to trap the aptamer-conjugated RR-NP on the waveguide surface for cTnI detection. NP: nanoparticle. RR: Raman reporter.
