Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants grouped by plasma levels of total PUFAs.
| Characteristic | All Participants (N = 102,252) |
Total PUFA Quartiles | p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 a (N = 25,566) |
Q2 (N = 25,563) |
Q3 (N = 25,562) |
Q4 (N = 25,561) |
|||
| Age, years | <0.001 | |||||
| <60 | 57,863 (56.6%) | 15,262 (59.7%) | 15,138 (59.2%) | 14,344 (56.1%) | 13,119 (51.3%) | |
| ≥60 | 44,389 (43.4%) | 10,304 (40.3%) | 10,425 (40.8%) | 11,218 (43.9%) | 12,442 (48.7%) | |
| Sex | <0.001 | |||||
| Female | 54,440 (53.2%) | 10,218 (40.0%) | 12,939 (50.6%) | 14,668 (57.4%) | 16,615 (65.0%) | |
| Male | 47,812 (46.8%) | 15,348 (60.0%) | 12,624 (49.4%) | 10,894 (42.6%) | 8946 (35.0%) | |
| IMD b | <0.001 | |||||
| Low | 51,102 (50.0%) | 12,030 (47.1%) | 12,766 (49.9%) | 13,139 (51.4%) | 13,167 (51.5%) | |
| High | 51,150 (50.0%) | 13,536 (52.9%) | 12,797 (50.1%) | 12,423 (48.6%) | 12,394 (48.5%) | |
| WHR c | <0.001 | |||||
| Ideal | 52,390 (51.3%) | 12,182 (47.8%) | 13,420 (52.6%) | 13,655 (53.5%) | 13,133 (51.5%) | |
| Poor | 49,661 (48.7%) | 13,323 (52.2%) | 12,094 (47.4%) | 11,864 (46.5%) | 12,380 (48.5%) | |
| Lifestyle | ||||||
| No current smoking | 91,768 (90.2%) | 22501 (88.5%) | 22921 (90.1%) | 23114 (90.8%) | 23232 (91.4%) | <0.001 |
| Regular physical activity d | 45,807 (55.2%) | 11,254 (53.8%) | 11,576 (55.5%) | 11,579 (55.7%) | 11,398 (55.8%) | <0.001 |
| Healthy sleep pattern e | 55,776 (54.5%) | 13,987 (54.7%) | 14,106 (55.2%) | 13,930 (54.5%) | 13,753 (53.8%) | 0.017 |
| Healthy diet f | 39,164 (38.3%) | 8978 (35.1%) | 9491 (37.1%) | 10,039 (39.3%) | 10,656 (41.7%) | <0.001 |
| Blood biomarkers | ||||||
| SBP, mmHg | 137.86 (18.55) | 135.12 (18.23) | 137.03 (18.49) | 138.63 (18.46) | 140.65 (18.57) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 82.15 (10.12) | 80.69 (10.17) | 81.92 (10.12) | 82.58 (10.04) | 83.41 (9.98) | <0.001 |
| Blood glucose, mmol/L | 5.11 (1.19) | 5.18 (1.43) | 5.08 (1.14) | 5.07 (1.05) | 5.10 (1.09) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; IMD, index of multiple deprivation; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure. a Plasma PUFA levels were divided into quartiles. b IMD scores offer a more complex and detailed view of deprivation based on more factors than the Townsend index. Domains for the IMD calculation include the crime score (England and Scotland), community safety score (Wales), education score (all), employment score (all), health score (all), housing score (all), income score (all), living environment score (England), access to services score (Scotland and Wales), and physical environment score (Wales). c WHR was calculated as the waist circumference (centimeters) divided by the hip circumference (centimeters) and categorized into ideal (<0.9 for men and <0.85 for women) and poor (≥0.9 for men and ≥0.85 for women). d Regular physical activity: ≥150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week, ≥75 min of vigorous-intensity exercise per week, or a combination of both. e A healthy sleep pattern was measured by 5 dimensions of sleep behaviors: early chronotype, sleep 7–8 h/day, never/rarely or sometimes insomnia, no self-reported snoring, and never/rarely or sometimes excessive daytime sleepiness. It was categorized into yes (≥4 healthy components) and no. f A healthy diet was defined based on at least four of seven aspects of healthy diet components: fruits ≥ 3 servings/day; vegetables ≥ 3 servings/day; fish ≥ 2 servings/week; processed meats ≤ 1 serving/week; unprocessed red meats ≤ 1.5 servings/week; whole grains ≥ 3 servings/day; and refined grains ≤ 1.5 servings/day.