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Effects of B. leptopoda extracts on TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. (A) Smad2 mRNA expression, (B) α-SMA mRNA expression, and (C) Collagen Type I mRNA expression levels. The experimental results were repeated three times, and all were expressed in the form of mean ± standard deviation (SD). Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
