Figure 2.

(A) Stress distribution for the DuraAct transducer at an eigenfrequency of 29.838 Hz, represented in von Mises stress (N/m²). (B) Displacement magnitude of the transducer at the same frequency, shown in mm. (C) Stress distribution for the DuraAct transducer with a beryllium bronze cantilever beam base at an eigenfrequency of 60.21 Hz, represented in von Mises stress (N/m²). (D) Displacement magnitude at the same frequency, shown in mm. (E) Stress distribution for the DuraAct transducer with a beryllium bronze cantilever beam after shape optimization at an eigenfrequency of 35.573 Hz, represented in von Mises stress (N/m²). (F) Displacement magnitude of the transducer at the same frequency, shown in mm. (G) Stress distribution curve for the optimized cantilever beam with magnets during vibration. (H) Natural frequency and displacement curve for the same beam, demonstrating the effect of the added tip mass. All analyses were performed using the COMSOL model, illustrating various configurations and optimizations for energy harvesting.