Table 2.
Life cycle inventory for PHB production.
| Technology Stage | Process | Amount | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Input | |||
| Apple waste | Transportation and cutting | 5000 | kg/km |
| Microwave irradiation | Water | 700 | L |
| Cellulose | 40.0 | kg | |
| Hemicellulose | 21.95 | kg | |
| Lignin | 29.62 | kg | |
| Others (ash + protein) | 8.43 | kg | |
| Electricity (Parr reactor) | 71.0 | kWh | |
| Delignification | Cellulose | 32.2 | kg |
| Hemicellulose | 9.18 | kg | |
| Lignin | 26.7 | kg | |
| Ammonia | 12.4 | L | |
| Electricity | 56.0 | kWh | |
| Enzymatic hydrolysis | Cellulose | 25.1 | kg |
| Hemicellulose (trace) | 0.20 | kg | |
| Lignin (trace) | 2.7 | kg | |
| Enzymes (T. reesei + B-glucosidase) | 29.4 | kg | |
| Sodium citrate + water | 172.19 | L | |
| Electricity | 35.2 | kWh | |
| Fermentation | Glucose | 21.3 | kg |
| Bacterium Bacillus megaterium | 10.3 | kg | |
| Inoculum + water | 372 | kg | |
| Minerals | 0.276 | kg | |
| Electricity | 56.2 | kWh | |
| PHB separation | PHB | 10.0 | kg |
| Chloroform | 10.0 | L | |
| Output | |||
| Pressurized hot water pretreatment (liquid fraction) | Hemicellulose | 20.0 | kg |
| Secondary product | 9.0 | kg | |
| Water | 600 | L | |
| Pressurized hot water pretreatment (solid fraction) | Cellulose | 31.5 | kg |
| Hemicellulose (trace) | 1.36 | kg | |
| Lignin | 23.3 | kg | |
| Delignification | Lignin | 22.9 | kg |
| Wastewater | 10.0 | L | |
| Enzymatic hydrolysis | Glucose | 29.2 | L |
| Waste | 163.42 | L | |
| Fermentation | PHB | 10 | kg |
| Waste | 160 | kg | |
| PHB separation | Chloroform | 10.0 | L |
| PHB | 7.3 | kg | |