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. 2024 Dec 6;16(23):4224. doi: 10.3390/nu16234224

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effect of FPF on oxidative stress in sleep-deprived mice. FPF (100 mg/kg, p.o) and Trolox (50 mg/kg, p.o) were orally administered to sleep-deprived mice. The levels of (a) GSH (one-way ANOVA: F(3, 27) = 6.62, p = 0.0017) and (b) MDA (one-way ANOVA: F(3, 26) = 4.398, p = 0.0125) in the hippocampus. (c) The total arm entries (one-way ANOVA: F(3, 31) = 1.475, p = 0.1347) and (d) the spontaneous alternation (one-way ANOVA: F(3, 31) = 12.79, p < 0.0001) in the Y-maze test. (e) The step-through latency in acquisition trial (one-way ANOVA: F(3, 36) = 0.3843, p = 0.7649) and (f) the step-through latency in retention trial (one-way ANOVA: F(3, 36) = 26.17, p < 0.0001) of the PAT. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n ≤ 10). CTL, control; VEH, vehicle; SD, sleep deprivation; n.s., not significant; ANOVA, analysis of variance; SEM, standard error of mean.