Table 3.
Pearson’s correlation coefficients and comparisons using the Bland–Altman method between the energy and nutrient intakes of each dietary exposure assessment method and the 3 d Web24HR using the 12 d WFR as a standard (Women).
| 3d Web24HR Intake a | 12d WFR Intake b | Pearson’s CC Energy Adjustment |
Bland Altman Method c,d | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Energy Adjustment | Crude | Energy Adjustment | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean | (SD) | Median | Mean | (SD) | Median | Mean | (SD) | Median | Mean | (SD) | Median | Bias, %(95%CI) | 95% LOA, % | β | ||||||
| Women (n = 122) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy | (kcal) | 1990 | (511) | 1896 | 1990 | (511) | 1896 | 1847 | (316) | 1817 | 1847 | (316) | 1817 | 0.58 | ** | 105.8 | (101.9, 109.9) | 69.7, 160.7 | 0.50 | ** |
| Water content | (g) | 1588.0 | (530.7) | 1539.3 | 1557.0 | (422.0) | 1479.0 | 2171.9 | (617.4) | 2045.4 | 2134.8 | (448.5) | 2039.2 | 0.44 | ** | 71.9 | (68.3, 75.8) | 40.7, 127.0 | 0.25 | ** |
| Protein | (g) | 77.1 | (22.9) | 75.8 | 74.7 | (11.2) | 73.4 | 69.8 | (14.9) | 69.7 | 68.8 | (8.7) | 68.9 | 0.36 | ** | 108.1 | (103.1, 113.3) | 64.4, 181.3 | 0.41 | ** |
| The sum of amino acid residues | (g) | 23.7 | (8.0) | 22.0 | 23.2 | (5.9) | 22.9 | 24.3 | (7.4) | 23.4 | 23.8 | (5.7) | 22.6 | 0.20 | * | 96.6 | (90.8, 102.7) | 49.0, 190.2 | 0.16 | |
| Total fat | (g) | 67.1 | (25.0) | 64.7 | 64.1 | (13.0) | 63.5 | 64.1 | (13.5) | 62.0 | 63.2 | (7.5) | 61.8 | 0.34 | ** | 100.2 | (94.5, 106.3) | 52.5, 191.3 | 0.74 | ** |
| Saturated fatty acids | (g) | 20.50 | (8.66) | 19.33 | 19.57 | (5.02) | 19.12 | 18.82 | (4.03) | 18.50 | 18.63 | (2.87) | 18.51 | 0.33 | ** | 102.8 | (96.3, 109.7) | 50.5, 209.1 | 0.88 | ** |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids | (g) | 23.88 | (10.30) | 22.58 | 22.61 | (5.41) | 21.98 | 22.96 | (5.51) | 22.22 | 22.58 | (3.32) | 22.31 | 0.37 | ** | 98.6 | (92.6, 105.1) | 49.3, 197.4 | 0.70 | ** |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids | (g) | 13.25 | (4.98) | 12.59 | 12.76 | (3.28) | 12.64 | 13.02 | (3.37) | 12.88 | 12.79 | (2.33) | 12.28 | 0.25 | ** | 98.2 | (92.6, 104.2) | 51.6, 187.0 | 0.51 | ** |
| n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids | (g) | 2.2 | (1.2) | 1.9 | 2.2 | (1.0) | 2.0 | 2.2 | (0.8) | 2.0 | 2.1 | (0.6) | 2.0 | 0.38 | ** | 99.4 | (93.9, 105.3) | 53.3, 185.4 | 0.40 | ** |
| n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids | (g) | 10.9 | (4.1) | 10.4 | 10.5 | (2.7) | 10.5 | 10.7 | (2.7) | 10.8 | 10.5 | (2.0) | 10.2 | 0.25 | ** | 98.5 | (92.9, 104.4) | 51.8, 187.2 | 0.53 | ** |
| Triacylglycerol equivalents | (g) | 59.6 | (23.4) | 56.0 | 56.6 | (11.7) | 56.4 | 56.1 | (12.2) | 54.2 | 55.3 | (6.9) | 54.2 | 0.33 | ** | 101.0 | (94.9, 107.5) | 51.2, 199.3 | 0.74 | ** |
| Cholesterol | (mg) | 410 | (231) | 360 | 389 | (176) | 364 | 323 | (100) | 311 | 318 | (75) | 306 | 0.38 | ** | 115.2 | (105.7, 125.5) | 45.1, 293.9 | 0.73 | ** |
| Carbohydrate | (g) | 254.3 | (66.1) | 245.7 | 248.7 | (36.0) | 246.7 | 235.0 | (44.5) | 233.6 | 232.1 | (23.3) | 234.4 | 0.51 | ** | 106.5 | (102.4, 110.7) | 69.6, 163.0 | 0.42 | ** |
| Total dietary fiber | (g) | 16.4 | (5.9) | 15.2 | 16.1 | (4.8) | 15.0 | 15.3 | (5.8) | 14.5 | 15.0 | (4.5) | 14.0 | 0.55 | ** | 106.8 | (101.3, 112.6) | 59.8, 190.5 | 0.01 | |
| Soluble dietary fiber | (g) | 4.0 | (1.4) | 3.8 | 4.0 | (1.2) | 3.9 | 3.6 | (1.3) | 3.4 | 3.6 | (1.1) | 3.4 | 0.49 | ** | 107.3 | (102.5, 112.4) | 65.1, 176.9 | 0.09 | |
| Insoluble dietary fiber | (g) | 11.8 | (4.2) | 11.0 | 11.6 | (3.4) | 10.7 | 11.1 | (4.5) | 10.1 | 10.8 | (3.5) | 10.1 | 0.53 | ** | 106.6 | (101.0, 112.4) | 59.5, 191.1 | −0.04 | |
| Ash content | (g) | 17.8 | (4.6) | 17.7 | 17.6 | (3.5) | 17.5 | 17.7 | (4.4) | 17.6 | 17.4 | (2.8) | 17.0 | 0.45 | ** | 100.4 | (96.5, 104.4) | 65.4, 154.0 | 0.09 | |
| Salt equivalent | (g) | 9.4 | (2.7) | 9.1 | 9.3 | (2.4) | 9.0 | 9.6 | (2.6) | 9.2 | 9.4 | (1.9) | 9.2 | 0.22 | * | 97.7 | (93.0, 102.5) | 57.3, 166.6 | 0.12 | |
| Sodium | (mg) | 3716 | (1061) | 3576 | 3687 | (941) | 3565 | 3789 | (1020) | 3646 | 3729 | (754) | 3623 | 0.22 | * | 97.5 | (92.4, 102.9) | 54.0, 176.1 | 0.11 | |
| Potassium | (mg) | 2783 | (954) | 2664 | 2720 | (739) | 2575 | 2713 | (874) | 2545 | 2653 | (637) | 2541 | 0.71 | ** | 101.7 | (97.1, 106.5) | 61.4, 168.3 | 0.12 | |
| Calcium | (mg) | 601 | (253) | 560 | 584 | (203) | 564 | 562 | (184) | 536 | 553 | (161) | 523 | 0.66 | ** | 103.9 | (98.1, 110.0) | 55.7, 193.9 | 0.25 | ** |
| Magnesium | (mg) | 286 | (92) | 277 | 280 | (67) | 266 | 275 | (79) | 267 | 270 | (59) | 255 | 0.67 | ** | 103.1 | (98.6, 107.8) | 63.3, 167.9 | 0.13 | |
| Phosphorus | (mg) | 1141 | (344) | 1100 | 1107 | (193) | 1095 | 1069 | (245) | 1056 | 1053 | (164) | 1037 | 0.57 | ** | 104.8 | (100.2, 109.7) | 64.2, 171.3 | 0.32 | ** |
| Iron | (mg) | 9.1 | (3.2) | 8.7 | 8.8 | (2.2) | 8.5 | 8.5 | (2.7) | 8.2 | 8.3 | (2.0) | 7.8 | 0.51 | ** | 104.7 | (99.9, 109.9) | 62.2, 176.5 | 0.17 | |
| Zinc | (mg) | 9.1 | (3.4) | 8.8 | 8.8 | (1.8) | 8.5 | 8.0 | (1.7) | 7.8 | 7.9 | (1.0) | 7.9 | 0.26 | ** | 109.2 | (104.0, 114.6) | 64.3, 185.2 | 0.61 | ** |
| Copper | (mg) | 1.27 | (0.36) | 1.27 | 1.25 | (0.22) | 1.20 | 1.18 | (0.31) | 1.16 | 1.17 | (0.23) | 1.13 | 0.46 | ** | 103.9 | (101.1, 106.7) | 77.3, 139.6 | 0.17 | |
| Manganese | (mg) | 3.45 | (1.30) | 3.39 | 3.39 | (1.06) | 3.17 | 3.83 | (3.15) | 3.01 | 3.75 | (2.80) | 3.02 | 0.54 | ** | 98.5 | (92.8, 104.5) | 51.3, 189.2 | −0.46 | ** |
| Iodine | (μg) | 550 | (1786) | 104 | 521 | (1639) | 106 | 949 | (1507) | 217 | 938 | (1459) | 203 | 0.15 | 42.0 | (29.5, 59.8) | 0.9, 1992.4 | −0.13 | ||
| Selenium | (μg) | 47 | (22) | 43 | 46 | (19) | 43 | 48 | (17) | 44 | 47 | (14) | 45 | 0.29 | ** | 94.0 | (86.9, 101.6) | 40.0, 221.0 | 0.38 | ** |
| Chromium | (μg) | 7 | (4) | 6 | 7 | (3) | 6 | 7 | (2) | 6 | 7 | (2) | 6 | 0.26 | ** | 101.0 | (93.0, 109.7) | 41.1, 248.3 | 0.82 | ** |
| Molybdenum | (μg) | 168 | (61) | 164 | 165 | (55) | 158 | 157 | (52) | 155 | 155 | (48) | 146 | 0.52 | ** | 105.3 | (99.1, 111.8) | 54.2, 204.4 | 0.18 | |
| Retinol | (μg) | 274 | (370) | 190 | 258 | (338) | 174 | 233 | (224) | 179 | 231 | (229) | 172 | 0.14 | 102.6 | (88.4, 119.1) | 20.1, 523.4 | 0.43 | ** | |
| Retinol equivalents | (μg) | 626 | (433) | 527 | 607 | (394) | 507 | 543 | (283) | 462 | 529 | (255) | 457 | 0.12 | 109.1 | (98.0, 121.4) | 33.7, 353.2 | 0.33 | * | |
| α-Carotene | (μg) | 506 | (355) | 462 | 504 | (347) | 462 | 415 | (242) | 391 | 409 | (223) | 375 | 0.22 | * | 101.5 | (83.9, 122.7) | 12.7, 810.3 | 0.84 | ** |
| β-Carotene | (μg) | 3724 | (2608) | 3036 | 3666 | (2463) | 3226 | 2950 | (1762) | 2558 | 2820 | (1368) | 2586 | 0.42 | ** | 111.6 | (98.3, 126.8) | 27.7, 450.7 | 0.53 | ** |
| β-Cryptoxanthin | (μg) | 270 | (426) | 68 | 274 | (470) | 66 | 228 | (258) | 146 | 218 | (244) | 129 | 0.34 | ** | 76.6 | (59.7, 98.3) | 5.0, 1172.6 | 0.38 | ** |
| β-Carotene equivalents | (μg) | 4176 | (2728) | 3515 | 4116 | (2580) | 3650 | 3551 | (2032) | 3114 | 3405 | (1537) | 3110 | 0.35 | ** | 106.4 | (94.0, 120.5) | 27.3, 414.1 | 0.51 | ** |
| Vitamin D | (μg) | 7.7 | (6.2) | 5.9 | 7.5 | (5.7) | 5.7 | 6.7 | (4.6) | 5.6 | 6.5 | (4.1) | 5.7 | 0.42 | ** | 104.8 | (92.7, 118.6) | 27.3, 403.3 | 0.26 | * |
| α-Tocopherol | (mg) | 8.3 | (3.4) | 7.8 | 8.0 | (2.5) | 7.9 | 8.0 | (3.9) | 7.3 | 7.8 | (2.8) | 7.3 | 0.34 | ** | 102.1 | (96.2, 108.3) | 53.4, 195.2 | 0.13 | |
| β-Tocopherol | (mg) | 0.4 | (0.2) | 0.4 | 0.4 | (0.1) | 0.4 | 0.4 | (0.3) | 0.4 | 0.4 | (0.3) | 0.4 | 0.09 | 99.8 | (97.0, 102.7) | 73.3, 136.0 | −0.34 | * | |
| γ-Tocopherol | (mg) | 11.7 | (5.1) | 10.7 | 11.3 | (3.9) | 11.0 | 11.1 | (3.5) | 10.6 | 10.9 | (2.8) | 10.3 | 0.22 | * | 100.5 | (93.7, 107.7) | 47.1, 214.4 | 0.44 | ** |
| δ-Tocopherol | (mg) | 2.9 | (1.4) | 2.6 | 2.9 | (1.1) | 2.7 | 2.8 | (1.0) | 2.7 | 2.8 | (0.9) | 2.6 | 0.28 | ** | 101.0 | (95.2, 107.1) | 53.2, 191.8 | 0.38 | ** |
| Vitamin K | (μg) | 287 | (171) | 264 | 281 | (157) | 252 | 271 | (141) | 242 | 261 | (116) | 240 | 0.43 | ** | 100.2 | (90.7, 110.7) | 33.7, 298.0 | 0.29 | ** |
| Vitamin B1 | (mg) | 1.02 | (0.35) | 0.96 | 1.01 | (0.26) | 0.99 | 0.99 | (0.23) | 0.96 | 0.98 | (0.17) | 0.97 | 0.35 | ** | 101.0 | (98.4, 103.7) | 76.0, 134.2 | 0.49 | ** |
| Vitamin B2 | (mg) | 1.44 | (0.48) | 1.36 | 1.42 | (0.33) | 1.39 | 1.36 | (0.36) | 1.30 | 1.35 | (0.26) | 1.30 | 0.46 | ** | 102.7 | (99.7, 105.7) | 74.7, 141.1 | 0.31 | ** |
| Niacin | (mg) | 17.9 | (6.6) | 17.1 | 17.4 | (4.5) | 16.6 | 18.0 | (5.5) | 17.4 | 17.7 | (3.9) | 17.6 | 0.49 | ** | 97.4 | (92.3, 102.8) | 54.1, 175.5 | 0.22 | * |
| Vitamin B6 | (mg) | 1.34 | (0.47) | 1.31 | 1.32 | (0.34) | 1.26 | 1.27 | (0.41) | 1.20 | 1.26 | (0.29) | 1.22 | 0.56 | ** | 102.4 | (99.4, 105.5) | 74.3, 141.2 | 0.13 | |
| Vitamin B12 | (μg) | 7.5 | (6.2) | 5.4 | 7.2 | (5.1) | 5.6 | 6.4 | (3.8) | 5.4 | 6.3 | (3.3) | 5.7 | 0.32 | ** | 103.3 | (91.7, 116.3) | 28.2, 378.9 | 0.45 | ** |
| Folate | (μg) | 351 | (137) | 337 | 342 | (109) | 332 | 371 | (151) | 340 | 360 | (116) | 328 | 0.56 | ** | 94.7 | (89.2, 100.5) | 49.4, 181.2 | 0.02 | |
| Pantothenic acid | (mg) | 6.68 | (1.96) | 6.51 | 6.52 | (1.16) | 6.48 | 6.15 | (1.50) | 6.07 | 6.05 | (0.94) | 5.96 | 0.46 | ** | 106.3 | (102.5, 110.3) | 71.3, 158.5 | 0.23 | ** |
| Biotin | (μg) | 28.0 | (11.2) | 25.3 | 27.4 | (9.1) | 26.2 | 28.7 | (10.0) | 27.1 | 28.1 | (8.3) | 26.6 | 0.53 | ** | 96.2 | (90.7, 102.1) | 50.6, 183.2 | 0.15 | |
| Vitamin C | (mg) | 102 | (59) | 88 | 101 | (53) | 94 | 112 | (58) | 102 | 107 | (43) | 96 | 0.67 | ** | 88.2 | (81.9, 94.9) | 39.5, 196.7 | 0.22 | ** |
| Ethanol | (g) | 6.5 | (14.7) | 0.5 | 5.7 | (11.8) | 0.5 | 5.3 | (11.3) | 0.4 | 4.6 | (8.9) | 0.7 | 0.72 | ** | 101.9 | (87.5, 118.8) | 19.1, 542.8 | 0.08 | |
| Median (minimum to maximum) | 0.38 | (0.09~0.72) | ||||||||||||||||||
SD, standard deviation; Pearson’s CC, Pearson’s correlation coefficient; bias, the mean difference between methods; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; LOA, 95% limit of agreement [mean difference ±1.96 *(standard deviation of difference)], expressed as p values *: p < 0.05 and **: p < 0.01. a 3 d Web24HR: uses the AWARDJP with the web-based 24-h dietary recall survey method. In the entire study period the Web24HR data were collected two or three times. b 12 d WFR: 12 days of weighted dietary records collected during the entire study period of a year. c Exponential transform [mean(Web24HR − WFR)] as a ratio of the WFR (all dietary intake data were log-transformed). e.g., 110% indicates overestimation by 10%, and 90% indicates underestimation by 10%. d The regression slopes of the means of both methods show the differences between the two methods. p-values for the the regression slope are shown. When the response and explanatory variables are natural logarithms, a 1% increase in the explanatory variable increases the response variable by β%.