Table 1.
Overview of brittleness investigation methods and the analysis state of cell wall compositions of the published brittle culm mutants from various wild types and sources of mutation.
| Type of Mutagen |
Source of Mutation |
Mutant Name |
Wild Type | Investigation of Brittleness |
Analysis State of Compositions | References | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Stage/ Tissue |
TPA a | Growth Stage/ Tissue |
C | H | L | S | |||||
| Chemical | NaN3 | (45) b BMLs | IR64 | M/L c | + | M/L | + | + | + | + | This study |
| EMS | fp2 | E-you 532 | 1st IN | + | 2nd IN | + | + | + | + | [13] | |
| Bc6 | IR68 | C, L | − | 2WH/C, L | + | + | + | − | [23] | ||
| fld1 | Jinhui10 | - | + | - | + | − | + | − | [24] | ||
| dbc1 | Jinhui10 | - | + | - | + | − | + | − | [25] | ||
| dwf1 | Jinhui10 | - | + | - | + | + | + | + | [26] | ||
| fb1 | Jinhui10 | - | + | - | + | − | + | − | [27] | ||
| bc11 | Nipponbare | 2nd IN, FL | + | 2nd IN | + | + | + | − | [19] | ||
| S1-60 | Nipponbare | Hd/1st, 2nd IN, L | + | 2nd IN | + | + | − | − | [28] | ||
| bc16 | Nipponbare | M/C | − | M, C | + | + | + | − | [29] | ||
| S1-24 | Nipponbare | Hd/1st, 2nd IN, L | + | 2nd IN | + | + | − | − | [18] | ||
| Bc19 | Nipponbare | 2WH/2nd IN, FL | + | 2WH, 2nd IN, FL | + | + | + | − | [30] | ||
| bc25 | Nipponbare | 2nd IN, FL | + | C | + | + | − | − | [31] | ||
| bc88 | Wuyunjing7 | All | − | - | + | − | − | − | [32] | ||
| fc116 | Zhonghua11 | M/2nd IN, FL | + | C | + | + | + | − | [14] | ||
| bc17 | Pingtangheinuo | Hd/FL, C | + | Hd/FL, SH, C | + | − | + | − | [33] | ||
| bc22 | LR005 | Hd/2nd IN | + | Hd/IN | + | + | + | − | [34] | ||
| Physical | 60Co-γ rays | bc1 | Shuang Ke Zao | 1st IN, FL | + | 1st IN | + | + | + | − | [12] |
| bc7(t) | Zhonghua11 | C, L | − | LGF/C | + | + | + | − | [35] | ||
| bcm | Xiushui110 | C, L | − | C, L | + | − | + | − | [36] | ||
| lcm527-1 | 527 | - | + | - | + | + | + | − | [37] | ||
| bc-s1 | 9522 | - | + | - | + | + | + | − | [38] | ||
| bc1-wu3 | Wuyujing 3 | - | + | - | + | + | − | − | [39] | ||
| bc16(node) | 93-11 | Hd/UMN | + | Hd/UMN | + | + | + | − | [16] | ||
| γ-rays | bc3 | Nourin8 | Hd/C | − | 2WH/C | + | + | − | − | [40] | |
| Microwave | bc13 | Yinhuazhan | 2nd IN, FL | + | R, S | + | + | − | − | [41] | |
| Biological | Tos17 | (5) mutants | Nipponbare | 2nd IN, L | − | 2nd IN | + | − | − | − | [42] |
| C8 | Nipponbare | - | + | - | + | + | + | − | [43] | ||
| Gnt1 | Nipponbare | - | + | - | + | + | + | − | [44] | ||
| bc26 | ZH15 | - | − | M/C, L | + | + | − | − | [45] | ||
| T-DNA | (14) lines | Tainung67 | C or L | − | - | − | − | − | − | [46] | |
| bc1l4 | Zhonghua11 | - | − | M/IN | + | + | + | − | [47] | ||
| Other | Nature | bc10 | Huang Jin Qin | C, L | + | C | + | + | + | − | [48] |
| bc12 | C418 | 2nd IN, FL | + | 2nd IN | + | + | + | − | [49] | ||
| nbc(t) | 93-11/IRBB21 | - | + | - | + | − | + | − | [50] | ||
| fc17 | ShenNong265 | C, L | + | M/C | + | + | + | − | [51] | ||
| Bc18 | II-32B//Xqz B/Dular | - | + | - | + | + | + | − | [52] | ||
| bs1 | Nipponbare | - | − | M/SH | + | + | − | − | [53] | ||
| Tissue culture | bsh1 | H3774 | 6W/SH | − | 6W/SH | + | + | + | − | [17] | |
| bc15 | Zhonghua8 | 2nd IN, L | + | 2nd IN | + | + | + | − | [54] | ||
| Collection | T-DNA and EMS | (36) lines | Nipponbare | M/4th IN | + | M/S | + | + | + | − | [55] |
| - | - | bc14 | NE17 | 2nd IN, L | + | 2nd IN | + | + | − | − | [56] |
a TPA = using texture profile analysis to analyze the breaking force of the plant tissues; C = cellulose; H = hemicellulose; L = lignin; S = Silica; + means the analysis was applied; − means the analysis wasn’t applied. b Number in (-) indicated numbers of brittle culm mutants (lines) in the publications. c Hd = heading stage; M = maturity stage; 2WH = 2 week after heading; LGF = late grain filling stage; All = whole-plant growth stages; 6W = 6 week stage; 1st IN = 1st internode; 2nd IN = 2nd internode; 4th IN = 4th internode; FL = flag leaf; C = culms; L = leaves; UMN = uppermost nodes; R = roots; S = shoots; SH = sheaths; + = analyzed; - = not analyzed or no data available. For the tissue of investigation, the data referred from the original paper. Some papers counted the 1st internode from the top, while some papers counted from the bottom or even not mentioned.