Table 12.

Comparison of the four proposed algorithms.

Methods	Params	FLOPS	Classification Accuracy/%	Complexity
PCA-BP	6.12 × 103	6.17 × 103	90.8	Low
PCA-SVM	3.01 × 105	1.5 × 107	91.6	Intermediate
CNN	1.94 × 106	3.76 × 109	97.2	High
ResNet50	2.35 × 107	1.34 × 1010	99	Highest