Table 1.
Biochemical parameters analyzed of control group without stress and after 10 min, 1 h, and 4 h of stress stimulus
| 0 min | 10 min | 1 h | 4 h | Statistical | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROS | 548.1 ± 89.0 | 496.3 ± 82.5 | 495.4 ± 15.4 | 524.3 ± 56.3 | F (3, 20) = 0.7 | 0.6 |
| SOD | 118.8 (86.9–186.9) | 77.9 (25.3–89.6) | 36.8 (25.3–89.6) | 126.7 (74.9–147.1) | X2 (3) = 6.5 | 0.09 |
| CAT | 9.1 ± 7.7 | 13.5 ± 8.5 | 18.0 ± 5.2 | 15.8 ± 7.8 | F (3, 20) = 1.3 | 0.3 |
| GPx | 2.5 ± 1.3 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | F (3, 20) = 1.2 | 0.4 |
| GR | 2.7 ± 2.3 | 3.9 ± 2.0 | 5.6 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 1.6 | F (3, 20) = 2.3 | 0.1 |
| GSH | 85.9 (83.8–100.2)ab | 97.1 (92.8–104.0)b | 80.1 (71.2–94.0)ab | 80.7 (54.2–81.2)a | X2 (3) = 10.8 | 0.01 |
| GSSG | 75.9 ± 10.2 | 83.1 ± 11.0 | 85.2 ± 19.4 | 66.2 ± 17.0 | F (3, 20) = 1.7 | 0.2 |
| OSI | 1.3 (1.1–1.3) | 1.1 (1.1–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.0 (1.0–1.2 s) | X2 (3) = 6.9 | 0.08 |
| LPO | 23.6 ± 6.2 | 29.4 ± 7.9 | 41.0 ± 18.7 | 25.7 ± 1.7 | F (3, 20) = 2.5 | 0.1 |
| PC | 7.1 ± 1.5 | 6.7 ± 1.6 | 7.0 ± 2.1 | 5.5 ± 2.3 | F (3, 20) = 0.7 | 0.6 |
| AChE | 43.5 ± 18.0 | 32.7 ± 9.1 | 26.1 ± 7.4 | 37.1 ± 9.3 | F (3, 20) = 2.0 | 0.2 |
| LDH | 11.0 ± 1.7 | 11.9 ± 7.5 | 7.4 ± 0.9 | 8.2 ± 2.9 | F (3, 20) = 1.3 | 0.3 |
Data from at least 5 independent replicates is expressed as mean ± SD for parametric data distribution or median (25th–75th quartile) for non-parametric data. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test (ROS, CP, LPO, CAT, GPx, GR, GSSG, AChE, and LDH) or Kruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn’s test (SOD, GSH, and OSI). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05)