TABLE 1.
The relationship between the stage of oocyte maturation, ICSI, or embryo development and controlled ovarian stimulation protocol.
| Outcome | Controlled ovarian stimulation protocol | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPOS | Long | Short | GnRH antagonist | |
| Oocyte maturation | ||||
| No. of cycles | 311 | 55 | 229 | 696 |
| Female (oocyte provider) age, mean years ± SD a | 36.2 ± 5.1 | 34.6 ± 4.1 | 36.6 ± 4.0§§ | 39.8 ± 4.8**,§§,†† |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Oocyte retrieval | 2987 | 605 | 1954 | 3225 |
| MII oocytes b | 2383 (79.8) | 434 (71.7)** | 1560 (79.8)§§ | 2291 (71.0)**,†† |
| MI oocytes b | 283 (9.5) | 73 (12.1) | 149 (7.6)§§ | 352 (10.9)†† |
| GV oocytes b | 215 (7.2) | 57 (9.4) | 125 (6.4)** | 329 (10.2)**,†† |
| Broken/other oocytes b | 106 (3.5) | 41 (6.8)** | 120 (6.1)** | 253 (7.8)** |
| ICSI | ||||
| No. of ICSI cycles c | 283 | 47 | 207 | 575 |
| Female (oocyte provider) age, mean years ± SD a | 36.1 ± 5.0 | 34.9 ± 4.1 | 36.5 ± 4.0 | 39.7 ± 4.8**,§§,†† |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| MII oocytes b | 2166 | 367 | 1418 | 1943 |
| 2PN2PB oocytes b | 1666 (76.9) | 254 (69.2)* | 1030 (72.6)** | 1411 (72.6)** |
| 1PN oocytes b | 67 (3.1) | 4 (1.1) | 36 (2.5) | 48 (2.5) |
| Multi‐PN oocytes b | 59 (2.7) | 14 (3.8) | 60 (4.2) | 90 (4.6)** |
| No‐PN oocytes b | 94 (4.3) | 25 (6.8) | 75 (5.3) | 100 (5.1) |
| Unfertilized oocytes b | 174 (8.0) | 53 (14.4)** | 128 (9.0)§§ | 177 (9.1)§§ |
| Broken oocytes b | 106 (4.9) | 17 (4.6) | 89 (6.3) | 117 (6.0) |
| Embryo development | ||||
| Cultured 2PN2PB d | 1444 | 217 | 866 | 1062 |
| Blastocysts b | 997 (69.0) | 142 (65.4) | 557 (64.3) | 665 (62.6)** |
| Pregnancy, live birth, and miscarriage | ||||
| Blastocyst transfer cycles b | 220 | 58 | 218 | 272 |
| hCG‐positive b | 104 (47.3) | 21 (36.2) | 69 (31.7)** | 88 (32.4)** |
| GS‐positive b | 83 (37.7) | 15 (25.9) | 53 (24.3)* | 66 (24.3)** |
| FHM‐positive b | 77 (35.0) | 12 (20.7) | 49 (22.5)* | 57 (21.0)** |
| LB/OP b | 72 (32.7) | 9 (15.5)* | 45 (20.6)* | 50 (18.4)** |
| Miscarriage b , e | 11 (13.3) | 6 (40.0) | 8 (15.1) | 16 (24.2) |
Abbreviations: FHM, fetal heart movement; GnRH, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone; GS, gestational sac; GV, germinal vesicle; hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin; ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection; LB/OP, live birth or ongoing pregnancy; MI, metaphase I; MII, metaphase II; PB, polar body; PN, pronuclei; PPOS, progestin‐primed ovarian stimulation.
**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, each protocol vs. PPOS protocol. §§ p < 0.01, each protocol vs. long protocol. †† p < 0.01, each protocol vs. short protocol.
Steel–Dwass test.
Holm test.
ICSI cycles using frozen‐thawed spermatozoa, spermatozoa retrieved by testicular sperm extraction, or oocytes that were artificially activated were excluded from the analysis.
2PN2PB oocytes cultured until confirmation of blastocyst formation.
Rate of miscarriage = Patients with miscarriage (n)/GS‐positive patients (n) × 100.