Table 1.
Common and traditional uses of the most studied and evaluated Ficus species
| Species (Common name) | Uses | Ref |
|---|---|---|
| F. deltoidea (Mistletoe fig) | Alimentary (Consumption of fruits) | [16] |
| Ornamental | ||
| Medicinal (Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, wound healing, antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, hypolipidemic, aphrodisiac, antiulcerogenic, uterotonic, antirheumatic, action in disorders of the menstrual cycle, decreases cold and headache) | ||
| F. exasperata (Sandpaper tree, forest sandpaper fig, white fig, or sandpaper leaf tree) | Alimentary (Consumption of fruits, fodder for animals) | [17] |
| Ornamental | ||
| Medicinal (Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antituberculous, antileprous, antidiabetic, hypolipidic, antioxidant, anticancer, anthelmintic, vermifuge, ascaricide, anti-gouty, antihemorrhoids, antiepileptic, antirheumatic, antihypertensive, antiulcer, antihypertensive, diuretic, antidiarrheal, antidysentery, antitussive, anxiety prevention, wound healing, prevention of weakness and malnutrition, action on ophthalmic infections, respiratory tract and venereal diseases, antiarthritic, anxiolytic, uterotonic, effect on kidney disorders) | ||
| F. sycomorus (Sycamore fig or the fig-mulberry) | Alimentary (Consumption of fruits and leaves) | [18-20] |
| Ornamental | ||
| Medicinal (Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antimicrobial, antifungal, anthelmintic, antiulcer, antiwarts, neuroprotective, antiepileptic, antidiarrheal, prevents respiratory and thoracic diseases, laxative and anticonstipation, antidiabetic, prevents insomnia, healing of wounds and burns, hepatoprotective, effect on infertility and excessive menstrual flow, antihypertensive, antioxidant) | ||
| F. religiosa (Sacred fig) | Alimentary (Consumption of fruits) | [21-23] |
| Ornamental and ceremonial plant | ||
| Medicinal (Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, anticancer, antiproliferative, antimutagenic, antiasthmatic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-helminthic, hepatoprotective, wound healing, anticoagulant, immunomodulatory, antiepileptic, astringent, laxative, effect on gastric problems, sexual disorders and skin diseases, mosquitocide, stress prevention) | ||
| F. microcarpa (Chinese banyan, Malayan banyan, or curtain fig) | Alimentary (Consumption of fruits) | [10] |
| Ornamental | ||
| Medicinal (Antinoceptive, antipyretic, antibacterial, antileper, antiviral, antifungal, antimalarial, antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, antiulcer, antirheumatic, antidiarrhoeal, hepatoprotective, antitussive, prevention of acute enteritis and bronchitis, expectorant, relieves toothache) | ||
| F. benghalensis (Indian banyan or banyan fig) | Alimentary (consumption of fruits) | [21,24] |
| Ornamental | ||
| Medicinal (Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antimicrobial, antiemetic, antirheumatic, diuretic, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, anticancer/antitumor, antimutagenic, antiproliferative, hepatoprotective, wound healing, anticoagulant, immunomodulatory, anti-stress potential, mosquitocide, action on respiratory diseases) | ||
| F. racemosa (Cluster fig or red river fig) | Alimentary (Consumption of fruits, fodder for animals) | [25,26] |
| Ceremonial plant | ||
| Medicinal (Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antifungal, antifilarial, larvicide, hepatoprotective, antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antihypertensive, gastroprotective, antihemorrhoids, effect on respiratory and urinary diseases, antitussive, antihyperglycemic, wound healing) | ||
| F. elástica (Rubber tree) | Alimentary (Consumption of fruits) | [27] |
| Ornamental (Decorative element for home and office interiors) | ||
| Medicinal (Anti-inflammatory, antinoceptive, antibacterial, antituberculous, antidiarrheal, antihypertensive, antirheumatic, antidiabetic, anticancer, wound healing, antihemorrhoids, action on skin allergies, improves blood circulation, antiulcer, diuretic, effect on digestive, endocrine and metabolic disorders, anti-dysentery, prevention of anemia, action on reproductive, respiratory, and gastrointestinal disorders, astringent, effect on neurodegenerative disorders and liver problems) | ||
| F. carica (Common fig) | Alimentary (Consumption of fruits) | [1,5,6] |
| Ornamental | ||
| Medicinal (Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-helminthic, antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, hypolipidimic, antidiarrheal, hepatoprotective, anticancer/antitumor, antimutagenic, antispasmodic, antiplatelet, anticonstipation potential, anticoagulant, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, immunostimulant, haemostatic, erythropoietic stimulant, cardioprotective, antihypertensive, diuretic, anti-warts, action in respiratory and stomach disorders) |