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. 2024 Dec 10;17:10849–10869. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S493892

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© 2024 Li et al.

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Eighteen eight-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats received an type II collagen and Freund’s incomplete adjuvant to build RA model after seven days of adaptive feeding. Then, experimental groups underwent BBR and MTX treatment 14 days after the initial immunization, and the arthritis index scores, ankle joint swelling and body weight tested every week. After seven weeks of intervention, all rats were sacrificed. Serum were collected to conduct Elisa and widely targeted metabolomics analysis. Feces were collected to conduct gut microbiota analysis. Cartilage and synovium from ankle joint were collected to conduct histology test immunofluorescence labeling.