Table 1.
Participants characteristics by serum uric acid (N = 583).
| Characteristic | ≤ 360 | > 360, ≤ 420 | > 420 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 277 (47.51) | 97 (16.64) | 209 (35.85) | |
| Age, year | 67.99 ± 10.41 | 66.63 ± 9.39 | 65.75 ± 11.31 | 0.267 |
| Gender, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Male | 137 (49.46) | 67 (69.07) | 129 (61.72) | |
| Female | 140 (50.54) | 30 (30.93) | 80 (38.28) | |
| Degree of education, n (%) | 0.101 | |||
| Illiterate | 100 (36.10) | 29 (29.90) | 61 (29.19) | |
| Primary school | 125 (45.13) | 41 (42.27) | 111 (53.11) | |
| Junior school | 30 (10.83) | 20 (20.62) | 23 (11.00) | |
| High school and above | 22 (7.94) | 7 (7.22) | 14 (6.70) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.015 | |||
| Unmarried | 2 (0.72) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Married | 248 (89.53) | 82 (84.54) | 177 (84.69) | |
| Divorce | 0 (0.00) | 2 (2.06) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Widowed | 27 (9.75) | 13 (13.40) | 32 (15.31) | |
| Smoke, n (%) | 0.454 | |||
| Nonsmoker | 170 (61.37) | 53 (54.64) | 121 (57.89) | |
| Current smoker | 51 (18.41) | 26 (26.80) | 49 (23.44) | |
| Quit | 56 (20.22) | 18 (18.56) | 39 (18.66) | |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 0.051 | |||
| Nondrinker | 211 (76.17) | 61 (62.89) | 144 (68.90) | |
| Current drinker | 46 (16.61) | 26 (26.80) | 39 (18.66) | |
| Quit | 20 (7.22) | 10 (10.31) | 26 (12.44) | |
| Valvular heart disease, n (%) | 0.126 | |||
| No | 192 (69.31) | 68 (70.10) | 128 (61.24) | |
| Yes | 85 (30.69) | 29 (29.90) | 81 (38.76) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 0.176 | |||
| No | 136 (49.10) | 37 (38.14) | 96 (45.93) | |
| Yes | 141 (50.90) | 60 (61.86) | 113 (54.07) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0.008 | |||
| No | 218 (78.70) | 61 (62.89) | 158 (75.60) | |
| Yes | 59 (21.30) | 36 (37.11) | 51 (24.40) | |
| Heart failure, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 144 (51.99) | 32 (32.99) | 65 (31.10) | |
| Yes | 133 (48.01) | 65 (67.01) | 144 (68.90) | |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 48 (17.33) | 15 (15.46) | 64 (30.62) | |
| Yes | 229 (82.67) | 82 (84.54) | 145 (69.38) | |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 0.004 | |||
| No | 246 (88.81) | 91 (93.81) | 202 (96.65) | |
| Yes | 31 (11.19) | 6 (6.19) | 7 (3.35) | |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 0.567 | |||
| No | 267 (96.39) | 94 (96.91) | 198 (94.74) | |
| Yes | 10 (3.61) | 3 (3.09) | 11 (5.26) | |
| Cerebral infarction, n (%) | 0.537 | |||
| No | 237 (85.56) | 81 (83.51) | 171 (81.82) | |
| Yes | 40 (14.44) | 16 (16.49) | 38 (18.18) | |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 0.036 | |||
| No | 171 (61.73%) | 58 (59.79) | 150 (71.77) | |
| Yes | 106 (38.27%) | 39 (40.21) | 59 (28.23) | |
| Warfarin, n (%) | 0.166 | |||
| No | 239 (86.28) | 83 (85.57) | 191 (91.39) | |
| Yes | 38 (13.72) | 14 (14.43) | 18 (8.61) | |
| Clopidogrel, n (%) | 0.937 | |||
| No | 257 (92.78) | 89 (91.75) | 194 (92.82) | |
| Yes | 20 (7.22) | 8 (8.25) | 15 (7.18) | |
| Amiodarone, n (%) | 0.050 | |||
| No | 269 (97.11) | 95 (97.94) | 209 (100.00) | |
| Yes | 8 (2.89) | 2 (2.06) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Type of atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 0.066 | |||
| Paroxysmal | 87 (31.41) | 29 (29.90) | 48 (22.97) | |
| Persistent | 126 (45.49) | 53 (54.64) | 116 (55.50) | |
| Long-standing persistent | 32 (11.55) | 3 (3.09) | 18 (8.61) | |
| Permanent | 32 (11.55) | 12 (12.37) | 27 (12.92) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.87 ± 3.48 | 26.27 ± 4.22 | 25.66 ± 5.14 | 0.005 |
| Red blood cell (1012/L) | 4.42 ± 0.55 | 4.56 ± 0.73 | 4.32 ± 0.72 | 0.054 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 135.65 ± 16.53 | 140.72 ± 20.15 | 132.07 ± 23.85 | 0.016 |
| White blood cell (109/L) | 7.11 ± 3.37 | 7.29 ± 2.68 | 7.03 ± 2.36 | 0.480 |
| Platelets (109/L) | 219.07 ± 67.74 | 191.80 ± 61.36 | 196.88 ± 66.39 | <0.001 |
| Free triiodothyronine (pmol/L) | 4.33 (2.13, 31.80) | 4.17 (1.95, 7.04) | 4.11 ± 0.99 | <0.001 |
| Free thyroxine (pmol/L) | 18.70 ± 9.12 | 18.20 (3.72, 100.00) | 18.22 ± 3.16 | 0.203 |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 64.48 ± 18.22 | 74.56 ± 24.86 | 85.29 ± 23.95 | <0.001 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 53.19 ± 9.48 | 46.52 ± 13.85 | 47.18 ± 13.12 | <0.001 |
| Left atrial diameter (mm) | 45.48 ± 9.17 | 49.45 ± 7.92 | 49.29 ± 10.22 | <0.001 |
| MoCA | 19.06 ± 7.01 | 20.25 ± 6.14 | 19.37 ± 6.84 | 0.388 |