Table 2.
Univariate analysis for the risk of cognitive dysfunction.
| Covariate | Statistics | OR (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 66.96 ± 10.62 | 1.09 (1.07, 1.12) | < 0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Male | 333 (57.12) | 1.0 | |
| Female | 250 (42.88) | 4.20 (2.55, 6.91) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||
| Unmarried | 2 (0.34) | 1.0 | |
| Married | 507 (86.96) | 0.00 (0.00, Inf) | 0.989 |
| Divorce | 2 (0.34) | 1.00 (0.00, Inf) | 1.000 |
| Widowed | 72 (12.35) | 0.00 (0.00, Inf) | 0.989 |
| Degree of education, n (%) | |||
| Illiterate | 190 (32.59) | 1.0 | |
| Primary school | 277 (47.51) | 0.06 (0.02, 0.19) | < 0.001 |
| Junior school | 73 (12.52) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.09) | < 0.001 |
| High school and above | 43 (7.38) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.03) | < 0.001 |
| Smoke, n (%) | |||
| Nonsmoker | 344 (59.01) | 1.0 | |
| Current smoker | 126 (21.61) | 0.42 (0.25, 0.69) 0.0006 | < 0.001 |
| Quit | 113 (19.38) | 0.32 (0.19, 0.53) < 0.0001 | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | |||
| Nondrinker | 416 (71.36) | 1.0 | |
| Current drinker | 111 (19.04) | 0.37 (0.23, 0.59) | < 0.001 |
| Quit | 56 (9.61) | 0.64 (0.32, 1.24) | 0.186 |
| Valvular heart disease, n (%) | 0.158 | ||
| No | 388 (66.55) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 195 (33.45) | 1.38 (0.88, 2.15) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 0.251 | ||
| No | 269 (46.14) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 314 (53.86) | 1.27 (0.85, 1.90) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0.412 | ||
| No | 437 (74.96) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 146 (25.04) | 0.83 (0.52, 1.30) | |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 0.275 | ||
| No | 241 (41.34) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 342 (58.66) | 1.25 (0.84, 1.88) | |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 0.187 | ||
| No | 127 (21.78) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 456 (78.22) | 1.37 (0.86, 2.19) | |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 0.458 | ||
| No | 539 (92.45) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 44 (7.55) | 1.37 (0.60, 3.16) | |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 559 (95.88) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 24 (4.12) | 0.20 (0.09, 0.45) | |
| Cerebral infarction, n (%) | 0.397 | ||
| No | 489 (83.88) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 94 (16.12) | 1.28 (0.72, 2.30) | |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 0.021 | ||
| No | 379 (65.01) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 204 (34.99) | 0.62 (0.41, 0.93) | |
| Warfarin, n (%) | 0.127 | ||
| No | 513 (87.99) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 70 (12.01) | 0.64 (0.36, 1.14) | |
| Clopidogrel, n (%) | 0.073 | ||
| No | 540 (92.62) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 43 (7.38) | 2.61 (0.91, 7.45) | |
| Amiodarone, n (%) | 0.131 | ||
| No | 573 (98.28) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 10 (1.72) | 0.37 (0.10, 1.34) | |
| Type of atrial fibrillation, n (%) | |||
| Paroxysmal | 164 (28.13) | 1.0 | |
| Persistent | 295 (50.60) | 1.06 (0.66, 1.70) | 0.799 |
| Long-standing persistent | 53 (9.09) | 1.17 (0.53, 2.55) | 0.699 |
| Permanent | 71 (12.18) | 1.21 (0.60, 2.46) | 0.596 |
| Red blood cell (1012/L) | 4.41 ± 0.65 | 0.67 (0.49, 0.93) | 0.016 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 135.22 ± 20.21 | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | < 0.001 |
| White blood cell (109/L) | 7.11 ± 2.93 | 1.09 (1.00, 1.18) | 0.055 |
| Platelets (109/L) | 206.54 ± 67.20 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.443 |
| Free triiodothyronine (pmol/L) | 4.86 ± 3.30 | 1.07 (0.98, 1.18) | 0.151 |
| Free thyroxine (pmol/L) | 18.78 ± 9.42 | 1.12 (1.06, 1.18) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 73.56 ± 23.51 | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.722 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.39 ± 4.29 | 0.93 (0.89, 0.97) | 0.001 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 49.85 ± 12.10 | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.700 |
| Left atrial diameter (mm) | 47.56 ± 9.56 | 0.97 (0.95, 1.00) | 0.018 |