Fig. 1.

Allicin attenuated keratinocyte proliferation and apoptosis induced by UVB. A Structural formula, molecular weight, chemical formula and CAS number of Allicin. B HaCaT cells were incubated with different concentrations of Allicin (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM) for 24 h, and the cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay. C HaCaT cells were pretreated with Allicin (10 and 25 µM) for 2 h, followed by UVB irradiation (50 mJ/cm²) and incubated for further 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, and the effect of Allicin on the viability of UVB-exposed HaCaT cells was assessed using an MTT assay. D HaCaT cells were stained with TUNEL and DAPI, and cell apoptotic rate was assessed by calculating the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells to all DAPI-positive cells. E Representative images of microphotographs of HaCaT cells with TUNEL and DAPI staining. Data are presented as mean ± SD in triplicates and analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and LSD was used for the post-hoc test. Scale 50 µm. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 vs. control group; ###P < 0.001 vs. UVB group