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. 2024 Dec 11;18:5931–5946. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S486407

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© 2024 Liu et al.

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(A) P. oleracea L. alleviates intestinal inflammation by regulating gut microbiota in mice. (B) P. oleracea L. alleviates ulcerative colitis (UC) by repairing the mucosal barrier. (C) The active components of P. oleracea L., including quercetin, β-carotene, and Oleracein E, alleviate UC by regulating the inflammatory response and immune system through related signaling pathways. (D) P. oleracea L. alleviates UC by regulating apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and other pathways.