Figure 11.

Venous II brain pulse. A patient on extra-corporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) following prolonged out of hospital cardiac arrest. The left brain demonstrates a Venous II brain pulse with strong central venous pressure features, consistent with the arteriole pressure less than the venous pressure in this area of injured brain. The simultaneous central venous pressure (CVP) trace is demonstrated. The A, C, X, V, Y waves are labelled. The patient had a severe brain injury and subsequently developed fixed dilated pupils. The routine intensive care monitoring is shown BP, EtCO₂ and ECG. Red brain pulse is 940 nm and blue brain pulse 660 nm. (the right brain sensor was disconnected).