Table 1.

Table. Firth Bias‐Reduced Multivariable Logistic Regression Model Evaluating the Relationship of the Presence of RIPLs and CHA₂D‐VASc Score With Ischemic Stroke in Patients With AF

Variable	Summary statistic*	Multivariable estimate (95% CI)	P value multivariable model
Presence of RIPLs	67 (39.6%)	2.59 (1.04–6.79)	0.04†
CHA2D‐VASc score	3.38 (1.37)	1.36 (0.96–1.96)	0.09

^*Frequency (percentage) is presented for the categorical variable, and mean (SD) is presented for the continuous variable. AF indicates atrial fibrillation; CHA₂D‐VASc, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes, vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, sex category; and RIPL, retinal ischemic perivascular lesion.

^† p< 0.05.