Figure 2.

Biomarker concentration distributions at baseline in patients with sinus rhythm (teal right part of each plot) or atrial fibrillation (orange left part of each plot) at 12-month follow-up. Violin plot of the distribution of log-transformed biomarker concentrations for each of 14 biomarkers at baseline, split by the outcome of rhythm at 12-month follow-up. Log-transformed biomarker concentrations are shown on the y-axis and the kernel estimated frequency on the x-axis. Central thick horizontal lines are the median and the thinner lines represent interquartile range. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, angiopoietin 2, and bone morphogenetic protein 10 show an association with sinus rhythm at 12-month follow-up based on the acceptance of a Type 1 error of 5%. P-values were calculated using mixed logistic regression model with site as random effect, adjusted for age, sex, rhythm at baseline, randomized group (early rhythm control or usual care), body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, and left ventricular ejection fraction, those clinical features that were associated with outcomes including sinus rhythm in the main EAST-AFNET 4 trial. ANGPT2, angiopoietin 2; BMP10, bone morphogenetic protein 10; CA125, cancer antigen 125; CRP, C-reactive protein; D-dimer, ESM1, endothelial specific molecule 1; FABP3, fatty acid binding protein 3; FGF23, fibroblast growth factor 23; GDF15, growth differentiation factor 15; IGFBP7, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7; IL-6, interleukin-6; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; TnT, cardiac troponin; sCr, serum creatinine