Table 2.

Themes, codes and code frequency, and example quotes.

Theme	Code	Number of codes	Example quote
Workplace culture	Bullying is reported as a cause for poor wellbeing	11	Being free from bullying, from demeaning behaviour, insulting behaviour.
	Culture in the workplace affects wellbeing	24	I think the big thing [affecting wellbeing] would probably be the culture.
	Individuals and/or personalities can positively or negatively impact an individual's wellbeing	19	I think a lot of that [what improves wellbeing] is just the personality of the consultants.
	Psychological safety inferred as an impacting factor	6	I've been like with like consultants that I get on with and I know like, oh, can I ask a dumb question.
	Teams that people work in, rather than the individuals within those teams, affect wellbeing	10	Maybe you've got a [WhatsApp] chat. You know The Reg. You text each other. You get breakfast and it's really nice. But then sometimes you're like, yeah, different team every night.
Helplessness and distrust	Helplessness is cited by trainees when discussing wellbeing, or methods to improve it	14	It's not something you can you do this and all be fixed, it's just it's so large [the wellbeing problem].
	Perfunctory approach to wellbeing from individuals and/or organisations	38	Many of the wellbeing programmes don't understand how we work or what we do.
Individual circumstances	External stressors outside of the workplace influence wellbeing	4	My mental health [affects wellbeing].
	International medical graduates often struggle with accessing wellbeing resources	2	By their own admission, they [the GMC] said that they're profoundly racist organisation. I'm probably not going to be in that much trouble because I have a generically Western European sounding name.
	Mental health used to define wellbeing as well as impacting it	5	[Wellbeing is] how good you feel mentally and physically.
Physiological needs/safety	Facilities such as rest facilities, availability of food and drink etc	7	Suitable adequate rest areas with the acknowledgement that they will be used for rest.
	Physical safety at work and home	3	I would assume everyone's physically safe.
Rotas and work patterns	Flexible working cited as a positive factor for wellbeing	25	There's a lot of slack in the rota.
	Less than full time working	2	Going less than full time [would improve my wellbeing].
	Rotas cited as an issue that influences wellbeing	44	I think there's a lot to be done or could be thought about in terms of rota patterns and the coordination of the rota patterns to try and improve it [wellbeing].
Stress at work	Burnout is reported as synonymous with wellbeing, or as a cause for low levels of wellbeing	21	I was quite burnt out at the end of IMT2.
	COVID-19 has or had an impact on trainee wellbeing	2	Part of that [the drop in wellbeing] was due to COVID.
	Staffing levels	14	There is a persistent vacant rota line for every single rotation.
	Stress at work is cited either as a definition of what wellbeing is or as something that influences it amongst individuals and/or teams	20	It's the job, how stressful the job is.
	Workload felt to be unmanageable	4	I think part of it is the stress, because we are really busy… we are under intense pressure to discharge [patients] etc.
Value	Education is cited as an influencing factor on an individual's wellbeing, either positively or negatively	44	How well you're meeting your educational and learning objectives [affects wellbeing at work].
	Feedback received either from peers or seniors	4	When I was an F2, we had a consultant that was responsible for foundation doctors who arranged fortnightly meetings in order to help us with any issues that we were having.
	Job satisfaction and wellbeing are intrinsically linked	10	I enjoy being a doctor. IMT has such a bad reputation, but I'm not sure it deserves it.
	Pay influences people's perception of their and their colleagues wellbeing	5	Better pay [would improve wellbeing].
	Supervisors, either informal or formal (educational, clinical etc) are mentioned as influences on trainee wellbeing	16	I think really what [improved my wellbeing] was the frequency with which I could troubleshoot and meet with my supervisors.
	Support at work, where the subject articulates feeling supported at work as contributing to their wellbeing, or lack thereof	34	Consultant supervisors have always been quite supportive.
	Value of one's self or one's role by others	33	I think there's certainly something to be said about feeling valued at work.