TABLE 3.

Spearman correlations between plasma cfDNA biomarkers and clinical parameters across the diagnostic groups.

Group	Plasma measures		Duration	H&Y stage	MMSE	MOCA	HAM-D	HAM-A	RBDQ-HK	MDS-UPDRS-III	NMSS	UMSARS-II	ICARS
NC	cf-nDNA level	Rho			0.227	0.082	0.228	0.208	−0.185
		P			0.055	0.494	0.054	0.080	0.121
		FDR adjusted P			0.133	0.494	0.133	0.133	0.151
	cf-mtDNA copy number	Rho			0.070	−0.139	0.098	−0.034	0.167
		P			0.559	0.243	0.414	0.775	0.160
		FDR adjusted P			0.699	0.608	0.690	0.775	0.608
	cf-mtDNA deletion level	Rho			0.033	−0.040	0.214	0.059	0.016
		P			0.786	0.743	0.076	0.625	0.897
		FDR adjusted P			0.897	0.897	0.380	0.897	0.897
PD	cf-nDNA level	Rho	0.182	0.060	−0.108	−0.123	0.196	0.382	0.107	−0.073	0.184
		P	0.171	0.656	0.422	0.357	0.141	0.003	0.426	0.591	0.172
		FDR adjusted P	0.387	0.656	0.548	0.548	0.387	0.027	0.548	0.656	0.387
	cf-mtDNA copy number	Rho	−0.136	0.013	0.089	0.097	−0.135	−0.191	−0.186	−0.025	−0.057
		P	0.309	0.923	0.504	0.469	0.311	0.150	0.162	0.852	0.675
		FDR adjusted P	0.700	0.923	0.756	0.756	0.700	0.700	0.700	0.923	0.868
	cf-mtDNA deletion level	Rho	0.114	−0.072	0.052	0.003	−0.025	−0.038	−0.019	−0.149	−0.184
		P	0.397	0.595	0.703	0.981	0.885	0.779	0.886	0.273	0.174
		FDR adjusted P	0.981	0.981	0.981	0.981	0.981	0.981	0.981	0.981	0.981
MSA	cf-nDNA level	Rho	0.271	0.251	−0.382	−0.484	0.267	0.186	0.048	0.178	0.444	0.412	0.588
		P	0.154	0.189	0.041	0.008	0.162	0.334	0.805	0.354	0.016	0.029	0.001
		FDR adjusted P	0.255	0.260	0.090	0.044	0.255	0.389	0.805	0.389	0.059	0.080	0.011
	cf-mtDNA copy number	Rho	−0.051	−0.230	0.080	0.184	0.250	0.145	−0.021	−0.088	−0.108	−0.189	−0.153
		P	0.792	0.230	0.681	0.339	0.190	0.452	0.914	0.650	0.578	0.336	0.447
		FDR adjusted P	0.871	0.829	0.832	0.829	0.829	0.829	0.914	0.832	0.832	0.829	0.829
	cf-mtDNA deletion level	Rho	0.034	−0.090	−0.289	0.015	0.007	0.035	0.060	0.230	0.026	0.123	0.014
		P	0.859	0.641	0.129	0.937	0.970	0.857	0.757	0.231	0.894	0.532	0.946
		FDR adjusted P	0.970	0.970	0.970	0.970	0.970	0.970	0.970	0.970	0.970	0.970	0.970

Bold values: FDR adjusted P-value < 0.05. Adjusted for age, sex, BMI and education years. NC, normal control; H&Y, Hoehn and Yahr; MDS-UPDRS-III, movement disorder society-unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale part III; UMSARS, unified multiple system atrophy rating scale part II; NMSS, non-motor symptom scale; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; MoCA, montreal cognitive assessment; HAM-D, Hamilton depression scale; HAM-A, Hamilton anxiety scale; RBDQ-HK, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder questionnaire-Hong Kong; ICARS, international cooperative ataxia rating scale; cf-mtDNA, circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA; cf-nDNA, circulating cell-free nuclear DNA; FDR, false discovery rate; PD, Parkinson’s disease; MSA, multiple system atrophy.