Table 2.
ICP monitoring characteristics.
| ICP monitoring characteristics | |
|---|---|
| Timing of ICP monitor insertion after injury (hours) (median [IQR]) | 7 [5–12] |
| Timing of ICP monitor insertion after injury (n (%)) | |
| <1 h | 11 (1) |
| 1–3 h | 48 (5) |
| 3–6 h | 273 (31) |
| 6–12 h | 331 (37) |
| 12–24 h | 145 (16) |
| >24 h | 66 (7) |
| Unknown/missing | 12 (1) |
| Type of ICP monitor (n (%)) | |
| Ventricular | 102 (12) |
| Ventricular + inbuilt sensor | 20 (2) |
| Intraparenchymal | 717 (81) |
| Unknown/missing | 45 (5) |
| Reason for ICP monitoring on ICU (n (%)) | |
| Guideline criteria | 300 (34) |
| Radiological signs of raised ICP | 234 (26) |
| Clinical suspicion of raised ICP | 258 (29) |
| Anesthesia or mechanical ventilation required for extracranial injuries | 38 (4) |
| To inform surgical indication for mass lesion | 29 (3) |
| Unknown/missing | 26 (3) |
| Duration of ICP monitoring on ICU (days) (median [IQR]) | 6 [3–11] |
| Duration of ICP monitoring on ICU (n (%)) | |
| <1 day | 37 (4) |
| 1–4 days | 184 (21) |
| 4–7 days | 182 (21) |
| 7–10 days | 113 (13) |
| 10–14 days | 91 (10) |
| >14 days | 101 (11) |
| Unknown/missing | 178 (20) |
| Raised ICP on ICU (n (%)) | |
| No | 447 (51) |
| Yes, controlled | 312 (35) |
| Yes, refractory | 125 (14) |
| Unknown/missing | 2 (0) |
| Highest actual ICP for all patients (median [IQR]) | 24 (18–32) |
| First day of maximum average ICP for all patients | |
| Day 0, n (%) [cumulative %] | 109 (12) [12] |
| Day 1, n (%) [cumulative %] | 201 (23) [35] |
| Day 2, n (%) [cumulative %] | 177 (20) [55] |
| Day 3, n (%) [cumulative %] | 89 (10) [65] |
| Day 4, n (%) [cumulative %] | 79 (9) [74] |
| Day 5, n (%) [cumulative %] | 73 (8) [82] |
| Day 6, n (%) [cumulative %] | 71 (8) [90] |
| Day 7, n (%) [cumulative %] | 24 (3) [93] |
| Unknown/missing, n (%) | 63 (7) [100] |
| Highest actual ICP for patients with elevated ICP (median [IQR]) | 29 (24–39) |
| Duration (hours) of longest consecutive ICP elevation (median [IQR]) | 3 (1–7) |
| Duration (hours) of total ICP elevation | 7 (3–21) |
| First day of maximum average ICP for patients with elevated ICP | |
| Day 0, n (%) [cumulative %] | 49 (9) [9] |
| Day 1, n (%) [cumulative %] | 114 (20) [29] |
| Day 2, n (%) [cumulative %] | 76 (14) [43] |
| Day 3, n (%) [cumulative %] | 73 (13) [55] |
| Day 4, n (%) [cumulative %] | 75 (13) [69] |
| Day 5, n (%) [cumulative %] | 65 (12) [80] |
| Day 6, n (%) [cumulative %] | 81 (14) [95] |
| Day 7, n (%) [cumulative %] | 30 (5) [100] |
| First day of maximum average ICP for patients with refractory ICP elevation | |
| Day 0, n (%) [cumulative %] | 21 (19) [19] |
| Day 1, n (%) [cumulative %] | 28 (25) [43] |
| Day 2, n (%) [cumulative %] | 19 (17) [60] |
| Day 3, n (%) [cumulative %] | 11 (10) [70] |
| Day 4, n (%) [cumulative %] | 8 (7) [77] |
| Day 5, n (%) [cumulative %] | 9 (8) [85] |
| Day 6, n (%) [cumulative %] | 11 (10) [95] |
| Day 7, n (%) [cumulative %] | 6 (5) [100] |
| First day of average ICP >20 mmHg | |
| Day 0, n (%) [cumulative %] | 51 (28) [28] |
| Day 1, n (%) [cumulative %] | 48 (26) [54] |
| Day 2, n (%) [cumulative %] | 29 (16) [69] |
| Day 3, n (%) [cumulative %] | 9 (5) [74] |
| Day 4, n (%) [cumulative %] | 16 (9) [83] |
| Day 5, n (%) [cumulative %] | 10 (5) [88] |
| Day 6, n (%) [cumulative %] | 16 (9) [97] |
| Day 7, n (%) [cumulative %] | 6 (3) [100] |
| Reason for stop ICP monitoring, (n (%)) | |
| Clinically improved | 156 (18) |
| ICP stable and <20 mmHg | 437 (49) |
| Monitor/catheter failure | 27 (3) |
| Patient considered unsalvageable | 47 (5) |
| Patient died | 30 (3) |
| Other/unknown | 162 (18) |
Abbreviations:ICP, intacranial pressure; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; TIL, therapy intensity level.