Fig. 1.

Schematic flowchart of the ZL12138L vaccine development and analysis process. This process encompasses the selection of candidate antigens, identification of immunodominant HTL, CTL, and B-cell epitopes, construction of the ZL12138L vaccine, analysis of the vaccine's physicochemical properties, analysis of the vaccine's spatial structure, and prediction of the immunological characteristics.

Abbreviations: HTL, helper T lymphocyte; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL, interleukin; IEDB, the Immune Epitope Database.