Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Author | Year | Country | Study period | Study type | Study size | Female/Male | Age (years) | Diagnosis of RA/COPD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chung C (42) | 2024 | Korea | January 2010 and December 2017 | Cohort study | Case group: 46030, Control group: 230150 |
Case group: 35424/10606, Control group: 177120/53030 | (57.51 ± 9.71) | RA: ICD-10 |
| Kim JG (40) | 2023 | Korea | 2017 to 2019 | Cross-sectional study | Case group: 334, Control group: 13384 |
Case group: 269/65, Control group: 7522/5862 |
Case group: (65.7 ± 11.0) Control group: (59.5 ± 11.95) |
COPD: GOLD guidelines |
| Yang K (41) | 2023 | The UK | As of March 2023 | Cohort study | Case group: 4755, Control group: 391525 |
Case group: 3171/1584, Control group: 204299/187226 | < 50, 50-59 and ≥60 | RA and COPD: ICD-10 |
| Kronzer VL (39) | 2022 | US | 2010 to June 2020 | Case-control study | Case group: 741, Control group: 2223 | Case group: 563/178, Control group: 1689/534 |
Case group: 55 (45,63) Control group: 56 (47,63) |
RA: The 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria |
| Jung JH (36) | 2021 | Korea | 2008 to 2016 | Cross-sectional study | Case group: 318, Control group: 27977 | Case group: 260/58, Control group: 15618/12359 |
Female Case group: (62.2 ± 11.26) Control group: (54.9 ± 12.43) Male Case group: (61.4 ± 10.29) Control group: (55.6 ± 12.82) |
COPD: (FEV1/FVC) <0.7, chronic cough or sputum for more than 3 months, and/or smoking history of ≥10 pack-years |
| Kronzer VL (37) | 2021 | Sweden | 2006 to 2016 | Case-control study | Case group: 1631, Control group: 3283 | Case group: 1152/479, Control group: 2315/968 | Case group: 57 (46,64) Control group: 57 (46,65) |
RA: ACR/EULAR 1987 or 2010 criteria |
| Zaccardelli A (38) | 2021 | US | The NHS in 1976 and the NHSII in 1989 | Cohort study | Case group: 283, Control group: 842 | Case group: 283/0, Control group: 842/0 |
Case group: (51.5 ± 7.6)-(51.5 ± 8.0) Control group: (51.2 ± 7.8)-(51.5 ± 7.9) |
RA: The 1987 ACR or 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria |
| Ford JA (10) | 2020 | US | June 1, 2014 for NHS and June 1, 2015 for NHSII | Cohort study | Case group: 3573, Control group: 205153 | Case group: 3573/0, Control group: 205153/0 |
Case group: 52.7 Control group: 44.4 |
RA: The 1987 ACR or 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria |
| Kronzer VL (34) | 2019 | US | 2009 | Case-control study | Case group: 821, Control group: 2455 | Case group: 600/221, Control group: 1792/663 | (62 ± 14) | RA: The ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria |
| Mcguire K (35) | 2019 | Canada | January 1996 to March 2010 | Cohort study | Case group: 24625, Control group: 25396 | Case group: 16499/8126, Control group: 17015/8381 | Case group: (57.2 ± 17.1) Control group: (57.3 ± 17.1) |
RA and COPD: ICD-9 |
| Choi IA (30) | 2018 | Korea, International | NA | Cross-sectional study | Case group: 1050, Control group: 3520 | Case group: 872/178, Control group: 3191/329 |
Case group: (56 ± 12) Control group: (56 ± 13) |
NA |
| Dhital R (31) | 2018 | US | 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2013 | Case-control study | Case group: 93750, Control group: 281250 |
Case group: 346785/121965, Control group: 1040354/365895 |
Case group: (67.47 ± 0.06) Control group: (67.47 ± 0.08) | RA: ICD-9 |
| Sheen YH (32) | 2018 | US | January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2007 | Case-control study | Case group: 221, Control group: 218 |
Case group: 156/56, Control group: 154/64 |
Case group: 52.5 (41.7-65.7) Control group: 54.2 (42.6-66.7) |
RA: The 1987 ACR classification criteria |
| Sparks JA (33) | 2018 | US | 1976 to 2014 | Cohort study | Case group: 843, Control group: 8399 |
Case group: 843/0, Control group: 8399/0 |
Case group: (59.8 ± 10.0) Control group: (59.8 ± 10.0) |
NA |
| Jo YS (29) | 2015 | Korea | 2010 to 2012 | Cross-sectional study | Case group: 744, Control group: 3313 |
Case group: 0/744, Control group: 0/3313 |
Case group: (65.02 ± 9.40) Control group: (55.06 ± 10.43) |
COPD: A former or current smoker with spirometry-proven airflow limitation (FEV1/FVC<0.70) |
| Shen TC (28) | 2014 | China, Taiwan | 1998 to 2008 | Cohort study | Case group: 28725, Control group: 114900 |
Case group: 22403/6322, Control group: 89612/25288 | Case group: (53.8 ± 13.9) Control group: (53.2 ± 14.3) |
RA and COPD: ICD-9 |
| Bieber V (26) | 2013 | Israel | NA | Cross-sectional study | Case group: 9039, Control group: 15070 |
Case group: 2001/7038, Control group: 3438/11632 | Case group: (60.1 ± 16.9) Control group: (61.1 ± 18.3) |
RA: CHS physician, COPD: Taken from the CHS Chronic Diseases Registry |
| Nannini C (27) | 2013 | US | January 1, 2006. | Cohort study | Case group: 594, Control group: 596 |
Case group: 435/159, Control group: 438/158 |
Case group: (57.8 ± 15.2) Control group: (58.2 ± 15.3) |
RA: The 1987 ACR classification criteria |
| Bergström U (25) | 2011 | Sweden | Between 1974 and 1992 | Case-control study | Case group:290, Control group: 1160 |
Case group: 139/151, Control group: 556/604 |
Case group: (47 ± 7.1) Control group: (47 ± 7.1) |
RA: The 1987 ACR criteria, COPD: The GOLD criteria |
(RA, rheumatoid arthritis; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; GOLD, global initiative for obstructive lung disease; ACR, American College of Rheumatology; EULAR, European League Against Rheumatism; CHS, Clalit Health Services; FEV1/FVC, forced expiratory volume in 1s/forced vital capacity; NA, not applicable).