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. 2024 Dec 2;15:1494003. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1494003

Table 3.

Subgroup analysis for the risk of RA associated with COPD.

Subgroups Included studies OR
(95% CI)
Heterogeneity
I2 (%) P value
Gender
Female 2 1.96 (1.37, 2.81) 0.0 0.000
Male 2 0.94 (0.56, 1.59) 0.0 0.829
Serum reactivity
Seropositive RA 4 1.65 (1.24, 2.19) 4.6 0.001
Seronegative RA 4 1.70 (1.23, 2.36) 0.0 0.001
Study type
Case-control study 5 1.24 (0.10, 1.52) 21.6 0.051
Cohort study 3 1.74 (1.50, 1.99) 28.6 0.000
Cross-sectional study 1 0.92 (0.40, 2.12) 0.845