Table 2.
Summary of studies of exposure to intrafamilial violence and asthma, published since 2020
| Type of exposure | References | Study design and study population | Main study findings | Strength of the evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Intimate partner violence | Kariuki, S.M. et al., 202052 | Cross-sectional and longitudinal 762 infants aged 6–10 weeks and 485 infants at 12 months from South African mother‐infant dyads, 2012–1015 |
• In the cross-sectional analyses, prenatal or postnatal IPV was associated with reduced respiratory resistance at 6–10 weeks (β=−0.13, p=0.02), and lower ratio of tPTEF/tE at 12 months (β=−0.04, p=0.03) • In the longitudinal analyses, prenatal IPV was associated with reduced tPTEF/tE (β=−0.05, p<0.01) and postnatal IPV was associated with decreased FRC (β=−0.09, p<0.01) |
• Moderate to high |
| Intimate partner violence | Gartland, D. et al., 202156 | Longitudinal birth cohort 615 mother–child dyads from six public hospitals in Melbourne, Australia, 2003–2005 |
• Maternal IPV reported when children were aged 1 and/or 4 years was associated with childhood asthma at age 10 years (OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.3–3.2) | • Moderate |
| Intimate partner violence | Wang, E. et al., 202161 | Cross-sectional, population-based survey 2,634 U.S. adults (71.3% women) aged 18 years and older from 14 States from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2005 |
• Any IPV was associated with asthma exacerbations (OR=1.75, 95% CI=1.26–2.43), higher burden of asthma symptoms (OR=2.33, 95% CI=1.53–3.55), and worse asthma control (OR=2.23, 95% CI=1.22–4.09) in men and women • Both recent (<12 months) and remote (≥ 12 months) exposure to IPV were associated with asthma-related ED/UC visits, other urgent provider visits, and nocturnal awakenings |
• Weak to moderate |
| Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) | Nash, K. et al., 202359 | Retrospective, population-based cohort 62,888 women aged 18 years and older from a large U.K. primary care database, 1995–2019 |
• A history of DVA was associated with all atopic diseases (HR=1.52, 95% CI=1.41-.1.64), including asthma (HR=1.69, 95% CI=1.44–1.99) • Incident DVA during the study period was associated with asthma (HR=1.57, 95% CI=1.12–2.19) |
• Weak to moderate |
| Adverse childhood experiences | Thompson, L.A. et al., 202067 | Cross-sectional, population-based study 29,450 U.S. children and adolescents (50.5% females) aged 6–17 years from the National Survey of Children’s Health, 2016 |
• Economic hardship (OR=1.5, 95% CI=1.2–1.9) and living with anyone with mental illness, suicidal, or depressed (OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.1–2.3) was associated with current asthma • A dose-response relationship was reported, with youth exposed to 4 and more types of ACE having higher odds of asthma (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.3–2.8) than those exposed to 1 type of ACE (OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.0–1.7) |
• Moderate |
| Adverse childhood experiences | Lietźen, R. et al., 202169 | Longitudinal, population-based study 21,902 Finnish adults (59% women) aged 20–54 years that were followed for 14 years, 1998–2012 |
• Exposure to multiple ACEs was associated with adult-onset asthma (HR=1.26, 95% CI=1.16–1.38), compared with exposure to ≤1 ACE. • The ACE-asthma association was similar in women (HR=1.27, 95% CI=1.14–1.42) and men (HR=1.23, 95% CI=1.05–1.44) • The excess asthma risk among participants reporting multiple ACEs persisted over 14 years of follow up |
• Moderate to high |
ACEs=adverse childhood experiences; CI=confidence interval; DVA=domestic violence and abuse, ED=emergency department, UC=urgent care, FRC=functional residual capacity, HR=hazard ratio, IPV=intimate partner violence, OR=odds ratio; tPTEF/tE=time to peak tidal expiratory flow over total expiratory time. Sex-specific associations are shown when reported.