Expression of the TPR domain of SPY inhibits hypocotyl elongation. The length of the hypocotyl of TPR-expressing lines, spy-3, spy-4, and wild-type seedlings was measured after 2 weeks of growth in the dark. spy mutants have shorter hypocotyls than the wild-type plants. The asterisks above the bars indicate the four transgenic lines with hypocotyl lengths that are significantly shorter (t test, P < 0.001) than the wild type. The average values from three different experiments are shown. In all cases, the se is too small for the se bar to be visible.