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. 2024 Oct 22;11(12):nwae367. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwae367

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© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4. — (a) Ranks of the greenness index (NDVI from [43]) in each grid cell during 2010–2023 (rank 1 indicates the highest value among the 14 years). (b) Ranks of the bottom-up DGVM fluxes during the same period (rank 1 indicates the highest sink among the 14 years, rank 14 indicates the smallest sink or the largest source; to better appreciate whether a pixel of low rank is a source or remains a sink, each pixel that was an annual CO₂ source in 2023 is stippled. (c) Ranks of the OCO-2 inversion fluxes during 2015–2023 (rank 1 indicates the highest sink among the 9 years, rank 9 indicates the smallest sink or the largest source).