Table 1. Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics of the study population.
| Patients characteristics | Survivors (n = 64) | Non-survivors (n = 54) | χ2/Z/t | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male, n (%)) | 38 (59.38) | 35 (64.81) | 0.367 | 0.544 |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 69.77 ± 9.28 | 72.48 ± 7.78 | −1.705 | 0.091 |
| Infection sites leading to ICU admission, n (%) | 0.322 | 0.988 | ||
| Respiratory infection | 36 | 29 | 0.077 | 0.782 |
| Urinary tract infection | 7 | 5 | 0.090 | 0.764 |
| Bloodstream infections | 5 | 5 | 0.079 | 0.779 |
| Abdominal cavity infection | 13 | 10 | 0.060 | 0.806 |
| Others | 5 | 3 | 0.014 | 0.906 |
| Past medical history, n (%) | 0.515 | 0.916 | ||
| Coronary heart disease | 20 | 15 | 0.169 | 0.681 |
| Hypertension | 45 | 35 | 0.405 | 0.524 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 30 | 26 | 0.019 | 0.890 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 22 | 14 | 0.986 | 0.321 |
| Severity of ARDS, n (%) | 4.738 | 0.094 | ||
| Mild | 24 (37.50) | 16 (29.63) | 0.810 | 0.368 |
| Moderate | 34 (53.13) | 25 (46.30) | 0.546 | 0.460 |
| Severe | 6 (9.37) | 13 (24.07) | 4.684 | 0.030 |
| Laboratory indicators | ||||
| WBC, ×109/L, mean ± SD | 14.39 ± 6.09 | 13.67 ± 4.85 | 0.732 | 0.466 |
| Neutrophil, ×109/L, mean ± SD | 11.50 ± 5.12 | 10.26 ± 3.95 | 1.453 | 0.149 |
| CRP, mg/L, mean ± SD | 115.58 ± 77.63 | 120.96 ± 83.47 | −0.362 | 0.718 |
| PCT, ng/mL, median (IQR) | 13.56 (3.85, 41.49) | 31.00 (16.81, 53.07) | −3.079 | 0.002 |
| IL-6, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 1,162.31 (126.62, 9,269.45) | 5,215.70 (295.25, 10,190.28) | −1.631 | 0.103 |
| Platelet, ×109/L, mean ± SD | 169.42 ± 83.24 | 150.76 ± 98.04 | 1.118 | 0.266 |
| Albumin, g/L, mean ± SD | 30.42 ± 4.52 | 27.35 ± 4.30 | 3.749 | 0.000 |
| ALT, U/L, median (IQR) | 25.00 (12.25, 51.00) | 19.50 (10.00, 35.50) | −1.430 | 0.153 |
| AST, U/L, median (IQR) | 29.50 (18.00, 96.00) | 33.00 (19.00, 63.50) | −0.600 | 0.549 |
| Creatinine, umol/L, median (IQR) | 122.95 (72.08, 78.25) | 139.40 (78.50, 391.43) | −1.602 | 0.109 |
| Bun, mol/L, median (IQR) | 11.13 (6.54, 9.08) | 16.05 (7.86, 30.53) | −2.639 | 0.008 |
| APACHE II score, mean ± SD | 25.52 ± 4.74 | 27.80 ± 4.81 | −2.585 | 0.011 |
| SOFA score, mean ± SD | 9.89 ± 4.00 | 12.00 ± 3.45 | −3.034 | 0.003 |
| Calcium, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.14 (1.07, 1.23) | 1.15 (1.07, 1.23) | −0.459 | 0.621 |
| Sodium, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 137.68 (133.71, 142.95) | 137.50 (131.78, 157.22) | −0.686 | 0.493 |
| Hypernatremia, n (%) | 10 (15.63) | 20 (37.04) | 7.082 | 0.008 |
| LUS, mean ± SD | 16.61 ± 5.21 | 20.48 ± 5.32 | −3.986 | 0.000 |
| Mrp 8/14, ug/ml, median (IQR) | 12.89 (8.74, 17.83) | 21.04 (10.92, 28.62) | −4.889 | 0.000 |
| Patients with ECMO, n (%) | 12 (18.75%) | 16 (29.63%) | 1.916 | 0.166 |
| Patients with prone, n (%) | 6 (9.38%) | 8 (14.81%) | 0.829 | 0.363 |
Note:
Abbreviations: APACHE II score, Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score; WBC, White blood cell; PCT, Procalcitonin; SOFA score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score; IL-6, Interleukin-6; LUS, Lung ultrasound; Bun, Blood urea nitrogen; ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; Mrp 8/14, Myeloid-related proteins 8 and 14; ECMO, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IQR, Inter quartile range; SD, Standard deviation. P value below 0.05 indicate statistical significance.