FIGURE 1.

Male mice exhibit more severe tail edema and lymphatic drainage following tail lymphatic excision. (A) Digital photograph of mouse tail 6 weeks after tail lymphatic excision (left panel: male; right panel: female). (B) Representative H&E of increased edema in male (left panel) compared to female (right panel) mice 1 week after tail lymphatic excision. (C) Following tail lymphatic excision, male mice exhibit a greater change in tail volume when compared to female mice undergoing the same surgery (n = 7 per group). Differences observed in tail volume was greatest at 5 and 6 weeks, respectively. (D) Kaplan-Meier analysis of tail necrosis rates in male and female mice over a 6-week period. (E) Illustration of experimental setup using Evans blue dye to assess lymphatic drainage. (F) Quantification of vascular leakage using Evans blue dye absorbance (OD 620 nm/740 nm). N = 5 per group, P values calculated using multiple unpaired t-test. H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; OD, optical density.