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. 2024 Sep 12;21(1):e13714. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13714

Table 3.

GRADE evidence profile for HFI and depression symptoms in pregnancy woman.

Certainty assessment
Outcomes No. of studies Study design Risk of biasa Inconsistency b Indirectness c Imprecision d Publication bias e Certainty
Depression 10 observational studies very serious very serious not serious not serious none

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Very low

a

Risk of bias assessed using JBI. Downgrade 2 levels, considering the high risk of bias of the studies evaluated.

b

Downgrade 1 level if I2 was 50% to 75%, and 2 levels if I2 was 75% to 100%.

c

No downgrade for indirectness because all studies directly measure the outcomes.

d

No downgrade for imprecision because of >2000 participants for each outcome.

e

Publication bias was considered when significance of p < 0.05. No downgrade because p = 0.2932.