Table 5.

Quality appraisal of the included studies grouped by study type and Quality Assessment With Diverse Studies score [55].

	Low quality (score of 0-12)	Medium quality (score of 13-25)	High quality (score of 26-39)
Original research	—a	Lee et al [60] Sivakumar et al [80] Uscher-Pines et al [84] Snell-Rood et al [81]	Lin et al [62] Beharie et al [63] Behrends et al [64] Huskamp et al [72] Jones et al [74] Riedel et al [78] Caton et al [66]
Conference abstract	Griffin et al [68] Incze et al [73] Sahu et al [79] Taylor et al [82] Thompson et al [83]	Akoto [61]	—
Commentary	Calandra et al [65] Hser and Mooney [70] Wang et al [85] Wilson et al [86] Leo et al [75]	Hser et al [71]	—
Brief report	Crowley and Delargy [67]	Patel et al [77] O’Gurek [76]	—
Protocol	—	—	Hedden et al [36]
Review	Hodgkin et al [69]	—	—

^aNo corresponding data.