Table 2.

Symptom effort cost regressions (MDD group only)

Symptom	Estimate	s.e.	t	p	p adjusted	R2	adj. R2
A. Cognitive effort cost, MDD
Overall depression	−0.37	0.16	−2.24	0.030*		0.120	0.045
Anhedonia	−0.17	0.15	−1.18	0.245	0.286
Anxiety	−0.50	0.13	−3.70	0.001	0.004*	0.246	0.182
Behavioral apathy	−0.19	0.15	−1.28	0.205	0.286
Social apathy	0.01	0.15	0.06	0.950	0.950
Cognitive function symptoms	−0.30	0.14	−2.08	0.043	0.150
Depressed mood/suicidality	−0.26	0.17	−1.56	0.126	0.253
Physical anergia/slowing	−0.22	0.15	−1.48	0.145	0.253
B. Physical effort cost, MDD
Overall depression	0.04	0.17	0.21	0.833
Anhedonia	0.42	0.14	2.93	0.005	0.035*	0.193	0.103
Anxiety	−0.04	0.15	−0.26	0.793	0.793
Behavioral apathy	0.39	0.15	2.71	0.010	0.035*	0.173	0.082
Social apathy	0.14	0.15	0.93	0.355	0.492
Cognitive function symptoms	0.27	0.16	1.67	0.103	0.240
Depressed mood/suicidality	0.13	0.17	0.81	0.422	0.492
Physical anergia/slowing	0.16	0.16	1.00	0.324	0.492
C. Cognitive effort cost, MDD, controlling for anxiety
Anhedonia	−0.06	0.14	−0.40
Behavioral apathy	−0.06	0.14	−0.40	0.689	0.991
Social apathy	0.01	0.13	0.07	0.947	0.991
Cognitive function symptoms	0.001	0.17	0.01	0.991	0.991
Depressed mood/suicidality	0.13	0.19	0.67	0.508	0.991
Physical anergia/slowing	0.06	0.16	0.39	0.696	0.991

(A) Predicting cognitive effort cost from overall depression severity, and each symptom domain, controlling for cognitive task performance (3-Back D’) years of education and age. (B) Predicting physical effort cost from overall depression severity, and each symptom domain, controlling for physical task performance (% larger number of presses completed), BMI, years of education and age. (C) Predicting cognitive effort cost from each symptom domain, controlling for anxiety, cognitive task performance (3-Back D’) and age (* indicates p < 0.05, FDR correction within symptom models). R² and adjusted R² displayed for significant models. All variables were scaled as input to the regressions.