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. 2024 Nov 26;13:101834. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101834

Table 2.

Main structural modifications observed in the skin of rats exposed to toxic products and their respective importance factors (w) for semiquantitative analysis.

Morphological changes Importance factor (w) References
Epidermal hyperplasia 2 [10], [13], [25], [55], [60], [8]
Cytoplasmic vacuolization of keratinocytes 2 [47], [67]
Epidermal ulcers 3 [10], [13]
Chronic inflammation in the epidermis 2 [10], [60]
Hyperkeratosis 2 [8], [10], [11], [13], [53]
Apoptotic keratinocytes 3 [25], [67]
Necrotic keratinocytes 3 [25]
Degradation of epidermis 2 [25], [47], [55], [60]
Hair follicle hyperplasia 1 [10], [60]
Sebaceous glands hyperplasia 2 [10], [13], [60]
Dermal fibrosis 2 [10], [67]
Decreased number of hair follicles 1 [11]
Increased number of hair follicles 1 [10]
Inflammatory cell infiltrates in the dermis 2 [10], [11], [63], [67]
Ulcerative dermatitis 3 [25], [63]
Munro’s microabscesses 2 [30]
Parakeratosis 2 [1], [13], [25], [30], [63]
Spongiosis 2 [1]
Perifolliculitis 2 [1]