Table 1.

Molecular mechanisms involved in baicalein-mediated apoptosis.

Type of cancer	Type of Study	Model	Dosage of baicalein	Pathway involved	Reference
Bladder cancer	In vitro	T24, 253J and J82 cell lines	0 and 5 mg/mL	–	[38]
Thyroid cancer	In vitro	MDA-T68 cells	0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 μM	NF-kB signalling	[9]
Thyroid cancer	In vitro	FRO cells	10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM, 80 μM	ERK/PI3K/Akt	[17]
Thyroid cancer	In vitro	FRO anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells	0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μM	ERK/p38 MAPK and Akt	[40]
Pancreatic cancer	In vitro	CAPAN-2 cell line	0, 10, 20 and 40 μM	–	[42]
Colon cancer	In vitro	e HCT116, A549 and Panc-1 cell lines	0, 10, 20 and 40 μM	JNK/ERK/p38 MAPK	[43]
Gastric cancer	In vitro	AGS and HGC-27 cells	5–35 mg/ml for AGS cells and 2–12 mg/ml for HGC-27	JAK/STAT	[45]
Liver cancer	In vitro	SMMC-7221 cell line	0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 300 μM	PI3K/Akt signalling	[48]
Pancreatic cancer	In vitro	Panc-1 cells	0, 50, and 100 μM	–	[49]
Breast cancer	In vitro and in vivo	MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines; and Female BALB/c nude mice (3–6 weeks old)	0, 10, 20, and 40 μM; and 100 mg/kg	PI3K/AKT	[39]
Cervical cancer	In vitro	End1/E6E7 cells and Hela cell line	0, 10 and 100 μM	JAK/STAT	[46]
Lung Cancer	In vitro and in vivo	H1299 and A549 NSCLC cells, and Lewis lung cancer cells; C57BL/6 mice (aged between 6 and 8 weeks)	0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100, 200 and 500 μM	Glutamine-mTOR metabolic pathway	[47]
Lung cancer	In vitro and in vivo	H1650 and H1299 cell lines; and Female BALB/c-nu mice	0, 50, and 100 μg/ml; and 20 mg/kg	Akt/mTOR Signalling	[26]
Lung cancer	In vitro and in vivo	A549, NCI-H1299, and LLC - cell lines; and Male C57BL/6 mice (5–6 weeks old)	0, 80, 120 and 160 μM; and 50 and 100 mg/kg	AMPK signalling	[44]
Intracerebral cancer	In vivo	Male athymic mice (10-week-old) and Fisher 344 (8-week-old) rats	0, 20 or 40 mg/kg	HIF-1a/VEGF/VEGFR2	[41]