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. 2024 Nov 17;4(12):5461–5472. doi: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00556

Table 1. Inorganic Components, TOC, and Osmotic Pressure of 1st and 2nd Gen Plating Electrolyte.

  1st gen electrolyte 2nd gen electrolyte
range (g/L) optimum (g/L) range (g/L) optimum (g/L)
TOC 6.9–10.3 8.6 4.3–6.5 5.4
chromiuma 8–12 10 6–9 7.5
boric acida 80–110 90 80–100 90
sulfatea 80–150 100 80–150b 115
osmotic pressure 78 bar23 ∼118 bar
a

Supplier recommendations.

b

BIA uses higher sulfate content of 150–170 g/L.