Table 1.
Sociodemographic Characteristics and Group Differences
| Total sample (N = 10,695 |
CU− group (n = 10,099) |
CU+ group (n = 596) |
p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | (Q1, Q3) | Median | (Q1, Q3) | Median | (Q1, Q3) | ||
| Maternal age, y | 31.8 | (28.9, 34.8) | 31.8 | (29.0, 34.8) | 30.6 | (27.1, 34.1) | <.001 |
| n | n | n | |||||
| Missing | 113 | 109 | 4 | ||||
| n | (%) | n (%) | (%) | n (%) | (%) | ||
| Ethnicity | |||||||
| Biracial | 254 | (2.4) | 237 | (2.4) | 17 | (2.9) | <.001 |
| Black | 131 | (1.3) | 124 | (1.3) | 7 | (1.2) | |
| East or Southeast Asian | 333 | (3.2) | 324 | (3.3) | 9 | (1.5) | |
| Hispanic | 212 | (2.0) | 202 | (2.1) | 10 | (1.7) | |
| Indigenous | 297 | (2.9) | 252 | (2.6) | 45 | (7.7) | |
| South Asian | 276 | (2.7) | 273 | (2.8) | 3 | (0.5) | |
| West Asian | 110 | (1.1) | 108 | (1.1) | 2 | (0.3) | |
| White | 8,775 | (84.4) | 8,283 | (84.4) | 492 | (84.1) | |
| Missing | 307 | 296 | 11 | ||||
| Income, CAD | <.001 | ||||||
| <$70,000 | 2,286 | (22.0) | 2,013 | (20.4) | 273 | (46.5) | |
| $70,000-$99,999 | 2,080 | (19.9) | 1,963 | (19.9) | 117 | (19.9) | |
| $100,000-$124,999 | 1,946 | (18.6) | 1,867 | (18.9) | 79 | (13.5) | |
| $125,000-$174,999 | 2,484 | (23.8) | 2,400 | (24.4) | 84 | (14.3) | |
| ≥$175,000 | 1,646 | (15.8) | 1,612 | (16.4) | 34 | (5.8) | |
| Missing | 253 | 244 | 9 | ||||
| Relationship status | <.001 | ||||||
| Marriage-like | 3,560 | (33.9) | 3,268 | (32.9) | 292 | (49.3) | |
| Married | 6,478 | (61.6) | 6,247 | (63.0) | 231 | (39.0) | |
| Single | 476 | (4.5) | 407 | (4.1) | 69 | (11.7) | |
| Missing | 181 | 177 | 4 | ||||
| Symptoms of depression | <.001 | ||||||
| Clinically elevated | 3,190 | (33.5) | 2,901 | (32.2) | 289 | (55.0) | |
| Not elevated | 6,334 | (66.5) | 6,098 | (67.8) | 236 | (45.0) | |
| Missing | 1,171 | 1,100 | 71 | ||||
| Symptoms of anxiety | <.001 | ||||||
| Clinically severe | 663 | (7.0) | 588 | (6.6) | 75 | (14.3) | |
| Clinically moderate | 3,804 | (40.1) | 3,534 | (39.4) | 270 | (51.6) | |
| Clinically mild | 1,981 | (20.9) | 1,915 | (21.4) | 66 | (12.6) | |
| Not elevated | 3,044 | (32.1) | 2,932 | (32.7) | 112 | (21.4) | |
| Missing | 1,203 | 1,130 | 73 | ||||
| Alcohol use during pregnancy | 1,341 | (13.0) | 1,169 | (12.0) | 172 | (29.0) | <.001 |
| Tobacco use during pregnancy | 599 | (5.6) | 424 | (4.2) | 175 | (29.0) | <.001 |
Note: CU+ = participants who reported cannabis use during pregnancy; CU− = participants who did not report cannabis use during pregnancy; Q1 = first quartile (25th percentile); Q2 = third quartile (75th percentile. Differences in age were assessed with Wilcoxon signed rank test, and differences in ethnicity were assessed with Fisher exact test; all other differences were assessed with χ2 test of independence. p values exclude missing observations.