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. 2024 Oct 13;11(5):505–512. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2024.10.011

Table 3.

Determinants of CVD risk perception bias.

Characteristic CVD risk under-perception
CVD risk over-perception
OR (95%CI) OR (95%CI)
Age (Ref = 20–<40)
 40–<60 0.925 (0.163, 5.254) 2.462 (1.496, 4.053)
 60–80 6.569 (1.227, 35.160) 0.589 (0.302, 1.149)
Educational (Ref = level Junior school or below)
 Middle/high school/specialty degree 1.819 (0.722, 4.583) 0.693 (0.369, 1.303)
 Bachelor’s degree or above 0.001 (0.001, 0.002) 0.819 (0.366, 1.832)
Employment status (Ref = Unemployed)
 Employed 0.818 (0.183, 3.665) 2.352 (1.442, 3.837)
Current drinking 3.059 (1.299, 7.205) 1.308 (0.769, 2.224)
Hypertension 2.352 (1.056, 5.236) 0.478 (0.301, 0.757)