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. 2024 Dec 19;97(4):473–489. doi: 10.59249/RQYJ3197

Table 3. Concurrent Markers of Persistent Joint Pain in Chikungunya Infection.

Study Outcome Sample size (n) Evaluation time of markers and outcome (months) Contrast of markers' concentrations (Recovered patients as reference group)
Chronic Recovered Higher Lower Non difference

Chow, 2011 [29] Joint pain 4 26 3 IL-6, GM-CSF Eotaxin, HGF
Restrepo, 2022 [22] Musculoskeletal disorder 28 55 3 IL-10, MIP-1 IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-8, MCP-1, RANTES
Sepúlveda-Delgado, 2017 [37] Joint pain 6 4 3 and 12 IL-6, RF CRP
Chaaithanya, 2011 [36] Joint pain 10 6 10 IL-1β, IL-1Ra, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β IL-5, RANTES IL-2R, IL-10, IP-10, MIG
Schilte, 2013 [38] Joint pain 20 22 36 IL-1α GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-23, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1 α, MIP-1β, RANTES, TNF-α, TNF- β, IP-10
Ninla-Aesong, 2019 [35] Joint pain 63 30 60 MMP-1, MMP-3 TNF-α IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-17A, RANTES, IFN-γ, TGF- β, MCP-1