Figure 2. Schematics of the basic functioning of vestibular prostheses.

(A) To restore rotational vestibular inputs to the brain, vestibular prostheses detect head rotations in three dimensions, transform them onto each canal axis, and map each movement into pulsatile electrical stimulation of each associated branch of vestibular nerve. (B) The nerve bundle of each semicircular canals is targeted by an electrode array, allowing for canal-specific stimulation. Adapted from Figure 1 from Chow et al., 2021. (C) Eye movement velocity (in each canal axis) evoked by stimulation of the horizontal canal electrode. Adapted from Figure 6 from Boutros et al., 2019a.