Figure 9. Adaptation to prosthetic pulses at the afferent-vestibular nuclei synapses is problematic.

(A) Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) adaptation to onset of baseline prosthetic stimulation from a clinical trial. Adapted from Figure 5 from Boutros et al., 2019a. (B) Compensatory synaptic changes occur at the afferent-vestibular nuclei synapses (red) as well as in central commissural pathways (green). (C) Problematic adaptation of VOR and VO neurons to prosthetic stimulation. Adapted from Figure 6 from Mitchell et al., 2016; Mitchell et al., 2017.