Table 1. Participant characteristics.

	Non-lesion control (N = 28)	Insula lesion (N = 10)	dACC lesion (N = 6)
Male/Female	17/11	4/6	4/2
Age (years)a	42.82 ± 8.09	43.10 ± 12.09	34.33 ± 6.74
Handedness (R/L)	(27/1)	(10/0)	(5/1)
Education (years)	12.43 ± 1.95	11.4 ± 2.37	11.33 ± 4.63
MMSE	29.57 ± 0.79	28.30 ± 1.42	28.33 ± 1.51
Days since surgery	—	555.90 ± 560.31	815.33 ± 520.95
Laterality (R/L)	—	5/5	4/2
Lesion size (ml)	—	44.93 ± 34.12	46.89 ± 41.73

L, left; R, right; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination [58]; ^aThe age at the testing date; Regression analysis confirmed that our main findings were not affected by group demographic differences (see Materials and Methods for statistical comparison details). Data are represented as mean ± SD.