Table 5. Summary of salvage cryotherapy case series studies in radio-recurrent prostate cancer.

Study	Study design	Number of patients	Median follow-up duration (months)	BCR-free survival (%)	DFS (%)	Treatment toxicity
Izawa et al., 2002 (51)	Single-center retrospective	131	57.6	NR	Overall: 40 (5-yr)	NR
					Pre-cryotherapy PSA ≤10: 57 (5-yr)
					Pre-cryotherapy PSA >10: 23 (5-yr)
Pisters et al., 2008 (52)	Multi-center, retrospective	279	21.6	58.9 (5-yr, by ASTRO criteria)	NR	4.4% incontinence rates
				54.5 (5-yr, by Phoenix criteria)		1.2% rectal fistula
Pisters et al., 2009 (53)	Multi-center, retrospective	42 SRP (Mayo)	93.6 (SRP)	SRP: 61 (5-yr, by Phoenix criteria)/66 (5-yr, by ASTRO criteria)	NR	NR
		56 sCryo (MDACC)	66 (sCryo)	sCryo: 21 (5-yr, by Phoenix criteria)/42 (5-yr, by ASTRO criteria)
Williams et al., 2011 (54)	Single-center, retrospective	176	89.5	NR	47 (5-yr)/39 (10-yr)	NR
Exterkate et al., 2021 (55)	Single-center, retrospective	169	36	52 (5-yr)/45 (8-yr) (by Phoenix criteria)	NR	19% new-onset urinary incontinence
						92% new-onset ED
						6.5% persistent urinary fistula
de Castro Abreu et al., 2013 (56)	Single-center, retrospective	25 (focal)	31 (focal)	Focal: 54 (5-yr) (by Phoenix criteria)	NR	New onset urinary incontinence: 0% in focal/13% in total
		25 (total)	53 (total)	Total: 86 (5-yr) (by Phoenix criteria)		Recto-urethral fistula: one (4%) patient in the total group
Li et al., 2015 (57)	Retrospective	91 (focal)	15	95.3 (1-yr)/72.4 (3-yr)/46.5 (5-yr) (by Phoenix criteria)	NR	3.3% recto-urethral fistula
						6.6% urinary retention

BCR, biochemical recurrence; DFS, disease-free survival; NR, not reported; yr, year; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; ASTRO, American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology; SRP, salvage radical prostatectomy; sCryo, salvage cryotherapy; ED, erectile dysfunction.