Table 4.

Differences in the H-SCALE based on the participants socio-demographic characteristics.

Socio-demographic variables		H-SCALE		p-value
		N	Mean rank
Age (years)	<25 years	40	166.10	<0.001*
	25 to less than 40 years	125	197.20
	40 to less than 60 years	193	169.11
	60 years or more	14	194.40
Gender	Males	127	208.25	0.005*
	Females	245	175.09
Marital status	Single	56	156.07	0.057
	Married	268	193.25
	Divorced	32	169.00
	Widowed	16	215.00
Level of education	Bachelor’s degree	100	212.66	0.005*
	Intermediate education	28	195.93
	Master’s degree and above	80	188.20
	Illiterate	4	50.50
	Primary education	16	193.50
	Secondary education	92	178.15
	Vocational education	52	151.58
Employment status	Employed	228	181.76	<0.001*
	Housewife	44	122.50
	Retired	44	259.59
	Student	20	199.70
	Unemployed	36	198.06
Monthly income	Enough income	112	189.36	0.364
	Enough to some extent	172	178.69
	Not enough	88	198.14

^*Significant (p < 0.05).