TABLE 4.

Anti-inflammatory effect of the isolated compounds from C. gigantea and C. affinis on the formalin-induced mouse model.

Animal group with respective doses (ml/kg or mg/kg, b.w; p.o)	Time of licking in seconds (Ealy Phase; 0–5 min)	Time of licking in seconds (Late Phase; 15–30 min)
CTL	60.38 ± 2.20	73.68 ± 1.34
STD (Ibuprofen, 10 mg/kg, b.w)	15.98 ± 1.62***	18.65 ± 2.52***
Compound 1 or 4 (10 mg/kg, b.w.)	32.54 ± 3.12***	38.87 ± 1.09***
Compound 1 or 4 (20 mg/kg, b.w.)	31.38 ± 1.12***	27.61 ± 1.02***
Compound 2 (10 mg/kg, b.w.)	44.32 ± 1.52***	51.49 ± 0.71***
Compound 2 (20 mg/kg, b.w.)	19.23 ± 3.34***	35.32 ± 1.77***
Compound 3 (10 mg/kg, b.w.)	38.04 ± 4.19**	45.68 ± 1.95***
Compound 3 (20 mg/kg, b.w.)	28.43 ± 2.38***	30.56 ± 2.16***
Compound 5 (10 mg/kg, b.w.)	40.38 ± 1.51***	53.29 ± 1.43***
Compound 5 (20 mg/kg, b.w.)	21.43 ± 0.53***	24.56 ± 0.98***
Mixture of compound 5 and 6 (10 mg/kg, b.w.)	44.28 ± 2.20**	56.21 ± 2.40**
Mixture of compound 5 and 6 (20 mg/kg, b.w.)	30.44 ± 1.05***	36.43 ± 4.81**

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5); CTL, negative control; STD, positive control; ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 compared to negative control.