Table 4.
Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics of Participants With Biomarker Data by Source of Sample (Panel A), and by Genetic Biomarker (Panel B)
| Panel A | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic Characteristics at the Corresponding Wave | Venous Blood Sample | Capillary Blood Sample (HbA1c) | Genetic Biomarkers (saliva) | Environmental Biomarkers (hair) | |
| Blood-Based Biomarkers | Genetic Biomarkers (blood) | ||||
| (CI-95%) | (CI-95%) | (CI-95%) | (CI-95%) | (CI-95%) | |
| n | 2 755 | 2 760 | 2 959 | 7 821 | 2 671 |
| Sex (%) | |||||
| Females | 59.4 | 59.6 | 59.5 | 55.6 | 60.1 |
| (57.6–61.3) | (57.7–61.4) | (57.7–61.3) | (54.4–56.6) | (58.3–61.9) | |
| Age | 64.1 | 64.1 | 64.4 | 67.5 | 63.1 |
| (63.7–64.5) | (63.7–64.5) | (63.9–64.7) | (67.3–67.6) | (62.6–63.5) | |
| Years of formal education | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.1 | 5.7 |
| (5.4–5.8) | (5.4–5.8) | (5.5–5.9) | (5.0–5.2) | (5.5–5.9) | |
| Rural* (%) | 59.0 | 58.9 | 59.7 | 57.9 | 58.7 |
| (57.1–60.8) | (57.1–60.8) | (57.9–61.5) | (56.8–59.0) | (56.7–60.5) | |
| Chronic diseases (%) | |||||
| Hypertension | 44.4 | 44.4 | 44.5 | 48.8 | 45.2 |
| (42.6–46.1) | (42.6–46.1) | (42.7–46.1) | (47.7–49.8) | (42.9–47.4) | |
| Diabetes | 24.4 | 24.6 | 24.4 | 24.7 | 26.3 |
| (22.8–26.0) | (22.9–26.2) | (22.8–26.0) | (23.8–25.7) | (24.2–28.4) | |
| Cancer | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
| (1.6–2.6) | (1.6–2.6) | (1.6–2.6) | (1.6–2.2) | (1.3–2.5) | |
| Respiratory problems | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.4 |
| (5.3–6.9) | (5.3–6.9) | (5.6–7.0) | (5.8–6.8) | (5.4–7.4) | |
| Arthritis | 14.9 | 15.0 | 15.3 | 16.1 | 15.4 |
| (13.7–16.1) | (13.8–16.2) | (14.0–16.4) | (15.3–16.8) | (13.8–16.9) | |
| Having ≥1 chronic disease (%) | 74.3 | 74.4 | 75.4 | 76.7 | 84.0 |
| (72.7–75.9) | (72.7–76.0) | (73.8–76.9) | (75.7–77.6) | (82.6–85.4) | |
| Medical insurance (%) | 93.7 | 93.7 | 93.7 | 95.7 | 94.8 |
| (92.7–94.6) | (92.7–94.6) | (92.8–94.6) | (95.2–96.2) | (93.7–95.9) | |
| Panel B | |||||
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | Genome-Wide Genetic Data—Blood (CI†-95%) | Genome-Wide Genetic Data—Saliva (CI-95%) | APOE Genotype Data (CI-95%) | Ancestry (CI-95%) | |
| n | 2 623 | 7 218 | 8 599 | 7 156 | |
| Sex (%) | |||||
| Females | 59.6 | 55.1 | 56.1 | 55.1 | |
| (57.6–61.4) | (53.9–56.2) | (55.0–57.2) | (53.9–56.2) | ||
| Age | 64.0 | 67.3 | 66.5 | 67.3 | |
| (63.6–64.4) | (67.1–67.5) | (66.3–66.6) | (67.1–67.5) | ||
| Years of formal education | 5.6 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.1 | |
| (5.4–5.8) | (5.0–5.2) | (5.2–5.4) | (5.0–5.2) | ||
| Rural* (%) | 58.9 | 57.8 | 58.2 | 57.8 | |
| (57.0–60.7) | (56.6–58.9) | (57.2–59.2) | (56.7–58.9) | ||
| Chronic diseases (%) | |||||
| Hypertension | 44.6 | 48.8 | 47.9 | 48.8 | |
| (42.8–46.4) | (47.7–49.9) | (46.8–48.9) | (47.7–49.9) | ||
| Diabetes | 24.4 | 24.5 | 24.5 | 24.6 | |
| (22.7–26.0) | (23.5–25.5) | (23.5–25.4) | (23.6–25.5) | ||
| Cancer | 2.2 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.9 | |
| (1.6–2.7) | (1.6–2.2) | (1.7–2.3) | (1.6–2.2) | ||
| Respiratory problems | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.3 | |
| (5.2–6.8) | (5.7–6.7) | (5.9–6.8) | (5.8–6.8) | ||
| Arthritis | 14.8 | 15.9 | 15.5 | 15.9 | |
| (13.5–16.1) | (15.2–16.7) | (14.7–16.1) | (15.2–16.7) | ||
| Having ≥1 chronic disease (%) | 74.3 | 76.5 | 76.3 | 76.6 | |
| (72.6–76.0) | (75.5–77.5) | (75.4–77.2) | (75.6–77.5) | ||
| Medical insurance (%) | 93.9 | 95.7 | 95.3 | 95.7 | |
| (92.9–94.8) | (95.2–96.1) | (94.9–95.8) | (95.2–96.2) | ||
Notes: For venous blood sample and capillary blood sample (HbA1c), we use the average values of 2012 and 2015 for the mean age, chronic conditions, and medical insurance. For saliva and hair, we use the values of 2018 for all the variables. For genetic biomarkers we use the average values of 2012, 2015, and 2018 for the mean age, chronic conditions, and medical insurance.
*We defined rural as communities with less than 100 000 habitants.
†CI: confidence interval is calculated for a comparison between the 4 columns.