Table 1.

Pathogenic spectrum of blood culture-positive infective endocarditis

Pathogen	Total (n = 358)	Surgical treatment (n = 250)	Medical treatment (n = 108)	P-value
Staphylococcus	76 (21.23)	45 (18.00)	31 (28.70)	0.023
Staphylococcus aureus	49 (13.69)	31 (12.40)	18 (16.67)	0.281
Coagulase-negative staphylococci	27 (7.54)	14 (5.60)	13 (12.04)	0.034
Streptococcus	203 (56.70)	161 (64.40)	42 (38.89)	< 0.001
Viridans Streptococci	157 (43.85)	127 (50.80)	30 (27.78)	< 0.001
β-hemolytic streptococci	12 (3.35)	11 (4.40)	1 (0.93)	0.094
Streptococcus bovis	6 (1.68)	4 (1.60)	2 (1.85)	0.865
Streptococcus pneumoniae	3 (0.84)	3 (1.20)	0 (0.00)	0.253
Granulicatella sp. and Abiotrophia sp.	19 (5.31)	13 (5.20)	6 (5.56)	0.890
Other streptococcus	6 (1.68)	3 (1.20)	3 (2.78)	0.286
Enterococcus	28 (7.82)	21 (8.40)	7 (6.48)	0.535
Other G + bacteria	11 (3.07)	6 (2.40)	5 (4.63)	0.262
Escherichia coli	3 (0.84)	0 (0.00)	3 (2.78)	0.008
HACEK*	6 (1.68)	4 (1.60)	2 (1.85)	0.865
Other G- bacteria	20 (5.59)	10 (4.00)	10 (9.26)	0.047
Fungi	6 (1.68)	1 (0.40)	5 (4.63)	0.004
Multiple bacteria	5 (1.40)	2 (0.80)	3 (2.78)	0.143

*HACEK: Hemophilus species, Aggregatibacter species, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella species; G+: Gram-positive; G-: Gram-negative