Table 2.

Random effects models predicting depressive symptoms using various covariates.

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4
Variables	Coeff.		S.E.	Coeff.		S.E.	Coeff.		S.E.	Coeff.		S.E.
Lone mother	1.86	***	0.15	1.52	***	0.15	1.00	***	0.14	0.46	**	0.16
Age at first pregnancy				−0.03	**	0.01	−0.04	***	0.01	−0.05	***	0.01
Early economic deprivation				0.17	***	0.03	0.09	***	0.02	0.08	**	0.03
Irish born				−0.20	*	0.08	0.03		0.07	0.02		0.08
Respondent age				0.00		0.01	0.02	†	0.01	0.03	**	0.01
Number of children at home				−0.04		0.03	−0.13	***	0.03	−0.17	***	0.03
Age of youngest child				−0.01		0.01	0.03	**	0.01	0.02		0.01
Educationa
Secondary				−0.10		0.13	−0.05		0.12	−0.21		0.17
Some post-secondary				−0.31	**	0.12	−0.18	†	0.11	−0.28	†	0.15
BA				−0.25	†	0.13	−0.12		0.12	−0.30	†	0.17
Some post graduate				−0.50	***	0.13	−0.30	*	0.12	−0.42	**	0.16
Financial strain							0.25	***	0.02	0.28	***	0.03
Caregiving strain							0.96	***	0.03	1.11	***	0.04
Work-related strainb
Medium w-f strain							0.07		0.06	0.14	†	0.08
High w-f strain							0.27	***	0.06	0.34	***	0.08
Not in paid employment							0.51	***	0.05	0.62	***	0.08
Parental conflict										1.23	***	0.13
Constant	0.08		0.16	1.25	***	0.32	−1.57	***	0.31	−1.48	***	0.39
Number of observations	22,616			22,616			22,616			11,308
Number of respondents	5,654			5,654			5,654			5,654
Prob > X2	0.000			0.000			0.000			0.000

^aReference category is less than secondary education.

^bReference category is low work-family strain.

^†p < 0.1, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Model 4 contains the last two waves only, as information for parental conflict was only available for Year 5 and Year 9.