Table 4.

The feedback of the novice first postgraduate-year (PGY-1) residents and undergraduate year (UGY) students

Variables	Total (n = 36)	PGY§-1 (n = 18)	UGY§ (n = 18)	p-Value
Competency*
Pre-curriculum confidence†	1 (1)	1 (1)	1 (1)	1.000
Post-curriculum confidence†	4 (4)	4 (4–5)	4 (3.5–4)	0.449
Curriculum*
The curriculum is adequate for training	4 (4–5)	5 (4–5)	4 (4–5)	0.878
The curriculum would enhance coordination	4 (4–5)	4 (4–5)	4 (3.5–5)	0.978
The curriculum would enhance patient safety	4 (3–5)	4 (4–5)	4 (3–5)	0.667
The necessity of the training	5 (4–5)	5 (4–5)	5 (4–5)	0.805
Phantom fidelity*
Image simulation mimicking human tissues	4 (3–4)	4 (3–4)	4 (3–4)	0.388
Puncture texture mimicking human tissues	3 (3–4)	4 (3–4)	3 (3–4)	0.353
Puncture needle visualization	4 (3–5)	4 (4–5)	4 (3–5)	0.601
Fluid drainage simulation	4 (3–4)	4 (3–5)	3 (3–4)	0.072
Endurance for repeat puncture	4 (3–5)	4 (3–5)	4 (3–5)	0.523

^*presented with median and interquartile ranges

^†p < 0.0001

^§PGY Postgraduate year; UGY  Undergraduate year